Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), previously named retrolental fibroplasia, is a vascular disease of the premature retina that appeared after the advances in preterm neonatal care, potentially causing irreversible vision loss. The most vital part of ROP management is reducing modifiable risk factors such as blending protocols for oxygen delivery, rigorous infection control, restrictive blood transfusion strategies, and parents' education. Laser remains a highly effective therapeutic modality and the gold standard of care in most ROP cases. On the other hand, Anti-VEGF agents emerged as a potential solution to clinical situations where laser delivery is not feasible, as in poor pupillary dilatation with advanced tunica vasculosa lentis (TVL), vitreous haze, corneal opacification, rubeosis iridis, and vitreous hemorrhage. The current recommendations indicate surgery for ROP stages 4-5. For stage 4, surgical modalities incorporate scleral buckling and lens-sparing vitrectomy (LSV).
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