Abstract
There is a global variation in the incidence of renal masses with the developed nations having a greater incidence. About 80–90% of renal malignancies are renal cell carcinomas (RCC) which account for 2–4% of all cancers. In Africa and the Middle East, the age-standardized incidence for RCC is 1.8–4.8/100,000 for males and 1.2–2.2/100,000 for females. The management of renal cell cancer is challenging. A multidisciplinary approach is effective for diagnosis, staging, and treatment. Guidelines recommend active surveillance, thermal ablation, partial nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, cytoreductive nephrectomy and immunotherapy as various modalities for various stages of RCC. However, open radical nephrectomy is most widely adopted as an option for treatment at various stages of the disease in sub-Saharan Africa due to its cost-effectiveness, applicability at various stages, and the reduced cost of follow-up. Nevertheless, most patients in the region present with the disease in the advanced stage and despite surgery the prognosis is poor.
Highlights
There is a global variation in the incidence of renal masses with the developed nations having a greater incidence (1)
About 80–90% of renal malignancies are renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) which account for 2–4% of all cancers (4)
There were 11 published papers from the sub-Saharan region (10–20) including Senegal, Togo, Nigeria, and Benin which discussed the management of renal tumors
Summary
There is a global variation in the incidence of renal masses with the developed nations having a greater incidence (1). GLOBOCAN has estimated that approximately 300,000 men and women were diagnosed with renal cancer globally and nearly 150,000 renal cancer-related deaths occurred in 2012 (2). In 2018, the global incidence was 403,262 with 175,098 deaths reported by GLOBOCAN (3). About 80–90% of renal malignancies are renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) which account for 2–4% of all cancers (4). In Africa and the Middle East, the age-standardized incidence for RCC is 1.8–4.8/100,000 for males and 1.2–2.2/100,000 for females (2). A review by Atanda and Haruna in 2017 estimated the incidence of RCC in Nigeria as approximately 0.3/100,000 of the population (5)
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