Abstract
ABSTRACT The agronomic efficiency of liquid swine manure (LSM) depends on the use of strategies to mitigate nitrogen (N) losses after its application to the soil, and thus preserve its fertilizing potential. In order to evaluate the injection of LSM into the soil and the addition of a nitrification inhibitor, as ways to increase its efficiency as a N source to the corn crop in the no-tillage system, an experiment was carried out under an Aluminofferic Red Latosol. The used treatments were: one control, surface application (total area) of LSM, injection of LSM in furrows, surface application (total area) of LSM + dicyandiamide (DCD), injection of LSM + DCD in furrows, and mineral fertilization. The mineral N in the soil and number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, 1,000-grain mass and grain yield for corn were evaluated. One day after the application of the treatments, the recovery of the mineral N in the soil with the injection of LSM exceeded by 10 kg ha-1 that observed with the superficial application. With DCD, the recovery of anionic forms (NO2- and NO3-) in the soil was lower in the first 20 days after the application, with the change in the N dynamics caused by DCD resulting in a higher content of mineral N at 30 days after sowing. The transformation rate for the anionic forms of mineral N in the soil is reduced with the addition of DCD. The injection of LSM with DCD does not differ from mineral fertilization, in terms of corn grain yield.
Highlights
Organic fertilization is a promising tool, due to the high cost of the synthetic fertilizers used in agricultural crops
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of liquid swine manure (LSM) injection into the soil and the use of DCD nitrification inhibitor on the dynamics of mineral N in the soil and the yield of corn grains in the no-tillage system
The N-NH4+ content recovered in the treatment with LSM injection, one day after the application, surpassed in at least 10 kg ha-1 that observed with the surface application, and the positive balance of the injection persisted until 24 days after the application in the 2014/2015 crop (Figure 2a) and until the end of the evaluated period in 2016 (Figure 2b)
Summary
Organic fertilization is a promising tool, due to the high cost of the synthetic fertilizers used in agricultural crops. With immediate availability for agricultural crops, ammoniacal N is subjected to losses, whether through runoff (Ceretta et al 2005), ammonia volatilization (NH3) (Aita et al 2014), leaching as nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) after the nitrification process (Dell et al 2012), or through the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) and molecular nitrogen (N2) during denitrification (Aita et al 2015) In this scenario, finding strategies to mitigate N losses after applying LSM means preserving its fertilizing value as a source of N to crops
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