Abstract
Vaginal cancer is a rare neoplasm, accounting for only 3% of gynecologic cancers. Most cases of vaginal cancer are squamous cell carcinomas, with adenocarcinoma being the second most common histopathology. As the pathophysiology of vaginal squamous cell carcinoma is thought to be due to HPV infection, treatment strategies are largely based on the treatment of cervical cancer, with radiation therapy being the primary method of definitive treatment. The role of surgery also has been shown to improve survival outcomes but should be evaluated on an individualized basis. While there continues to be no existing randomized control trials on the treatment of vaginal cancer, recent studies have explored the benefits of combination chemoradiation for advanced stage disease. Five-year survival of vaginal cancer in Stage I or II has been shown to be as high as 80-90% with treatment, while advanced disease survival rates continue to be around 30%. This review contains 2 figures, 7 tables, and 53 references. Key words: vaginal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, brachytherapy, external beam radiation, HPV
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