Male Gaze and Gender Violence in the Mediterranean Crime Novel

In the present article we intend to describe the work developed in the Program against Gender Violence (PcVG) of the National University of San Martin to reflect on the approach to the problem of gender violence at the level of higher education. To do this, we analyze the following axes, firstly, the problematization of which conceptual framework (s) of Gender Violence are used in Universities for assistance and intervention; As well as the institutional responses that are managed and implemented in the face of manifestations of gender-based violence in universities. Secondly, the actions of the Program against Gender Violence of the National University of San Martin (UNSAM), contemplate research on violence and intervention modalities; The Comprehensive Counseling in Sexual and Reproductive Health and Care of Violence; And working together in the Inter-University Network for Gender Equality and Violence; Key lines in the recognition of the university as a space in which discriminations and forms of violence based on gender are exercised, as well as in which knowledge and practices can be built around the autonomy of bodies.

Based on the findings of an exploratory study this article focuses on the ways in which a group of South Australian practitioners, engaged in work with men who are violent towards their female partners, construct and understand male violence. Evident in the participants' understandings of violence is a tendency, firstly, to dichotomize violence into two `types' — that directed towards other men and that directed at women; and, secondly, to categorize violence as either `normal'/ unremarkable (male-to-male violence) or gendered (`domestic' violence). In distinguishing between gendered violence and `other' violence, such as that between men in the public sphere, the latter is constructed as `ordinary' violence, worthy of intervention in only certain, `extreme' or excessive, circumstances. It is argued that these understandings, based upon a conflation of masculinity and violence, reflect the broader context of gendered power, disciplinary knowledge and expertise, and have significant implications for the ways in which male violence is explained and addressed, and, in the Australian context, the associated marginalization of domestic violence as an area of professional intervention.

According to United Nations data, one in three women worldwide are subject to violence. Yet, the systemic embedding of male sexual violence often fails to be part of public discussion. To explore this relative silencing of mediated discussion is to consider how media normalise male violence towards women. This structural obfuscation serves to reinforce the gendered violence upon which these structures are located. This is the context in which hegemonic masculinity now takes a reified neoliberal form, which serves to normalise the violence of gendered power relations. Illustrating this, we explore the way in which austerity has been positioned as a policy of violence. We argue that by exposing how neoliberal hegemonic masculinity is central to the construction of gender, and exploring how this is disseminated, we are able to show how male violence towards women is legitimated in mediated political discourse.

In this chapter, Penelope Schoeffel, Ramona Boodoosingh, and Galumalemana Steven Percival explore understandings of gender roles and gender violence within rural Samoan villages, applying approaches from development studies and filmmaking as their theoretical key. Using Percival’s 2015 documentary on gender violence in Samoa (Raise the Sennit Sail) as the starting point for their discussion, they consider the complicity of cultural and Christian traditions in perpetuating gender inequalities, gender violence, and rape-supportive social discourses. Samoa is a country whose cultural identity has become irrevocably intertwined with Western ideations of Christian piety, brought over to these islands during the colonial period. The legacy of the Christian mission thus remains powerful, with the result that, within today’s postcolonial milieu, male violence and predatory male sexuality continue to be excused or tolerated, while women and girls are blamed (and encouraged to blame themselves) for the sexual and physical victimization inflicted upon them with disturbing frequency. Schoeffel, Boodoosingh, and Percival discuss the implications of this, drawing on theories of performativity to consider the cultural functions of discourses that render gender violence an accepted part of Samoan culture. They contend that violence against women requires urgent attention in this region, and that the church must take on a more active role in tackling this crisis of social injustice.

The study of Business and Management is devoid of many aspects of social and organizational life and much of what is on offer puts a great deal of distance between the reader and reality. Gender violence is barely mentioned yet globalization, state institutions, organized work, negotiating the city and family life are replete with evidence of this everyday aspect of human interaction. Bolano’s book reveals this underlying reality of physical, sexual and psychological violence by men against women and more generally, of human beings towards each other. In 2666, there drips a concern for, and interest in, ‘machismo’. The chapter examines the notion of ‘machismo’ as a particular ‘mode of organizing’ wherein physical violence is not only accepted: it is essential. This is the primary object of a particular male gaze and it encourages a mode of organizing which has recently developed apace in its power and saliency.

Following Zimmer-Tamakoshi's observations about educated Pacific women not wanting to marry their countrymen, I examine educated Papua New Guinean women's perspectives on marrying Papua New Guinean men. Women in this group avoid marriage because they fear such relationships will destroy their career prospects, compromise their economic and decision-making independence and force them to grapple with male jealousy and violence in the domestic realm. In short, educated Papua New Guinean women perceive partnerships with their countrymen as being more troublesome than they are worth. The women's attitudes and actions suggest an emerging trend with important implications for understanding (both) the relationship between gender and education and intimate relationships in Papua New Guinea.

Abstract: The male gaze and equality between men and women is a problem that society is improving but still not fully solved, and it is also a hot topic that many people are concerned about. In daily life, many women feel afraid and panic more or less because of the gaze of men, and often feel that they do not enjoy the same treatment and equal rights with men in daily life. Film is a medium of emotional expression. It will reflect many realistic problems through the way of deduction, causing the audience to think and give positive guidance. From the perspective of feminism, this paper interprets the issues of male gaze, stereotype and gender equality, as well as the reflection of these issues in the real society, from the dialogue, action and plot relationship of the characters in Legally Blonde and analyzes the method and process of the heroine Elle Woods' "counter-gaze" towards the male gaze. And the process of breaking stereotypes and growing up.

In a patriarchal society, women are objectified, stereotyped and alienated, to the extent that even feminine men are disparaged and ostracized. This phenomenon initiated my interest in issues of the female body and multi-gender role playing, and related creative practices. Chapter One of this paper discusses two creative approaches, “Scenic Exterior” and “Internal Storm,” to document the development of my individual creativity, a woman’s real life story. Chapter Two lays adopts a theoretical foundation for role playing, drawing on the idea of gender performativity as proposed by Judith Butler with reference to theories from queer and gender studies. Using examples from the transformative, role playing masquerade of Cindy Sherman and portrayals of androgyny and the body in the work of Taiwanese feminist artists Liu Shih-fen and Lin Hsin-yi, “A Woman’s Senses – Role Playing” is called upon to emerge as an argument for a subversion of gender repression under a heterosexual patriarchy. Chapter Three focuses on “A Woman’s Senses” as a break through from the voyeuristic desire of the male gaze, a liberation of the body’s multiple senses, from sight, hearing, taste, smell to touch, forcefully conveying a strong impression of the work’s image. The creative process is manifested in six series: “Black Confession,” “Golden Rock and Roll,” “Colorful Magic,” “Body Ritual,” “Theatrical Atmosphere,” and “Role Playing Show.” The exploration of heteromorphism, multiple gender and other non-mainstream, alternative issues serves to combat life-spending emotions, and is interpreted in a theatrical atmosphere that is other-worldly, stunning, complex and lavish, through forms ranging from graphic images, installations, video art and fashion show. “I Role Play, Therefore I Am” justifies skirt wearing in feminine role players. Overall, the works represent a transcendence of stereotypical single gender style, and demands a re-examination of experiences of the body in their diversity through the strategy of role playing, as a report on the cross-dressing body and role playing trends. The conclusion in Chapter Four offers the “A Woman’s Senses” series as another reference for feminist art in its future search for the diverse possibilities of the body. The hope is to create a local spectacle on an urban stage through collaboration with diverse creative groups in the community and achieve an identification of contemporary humanist concerns.

MVP Model Prevents Gender Violence on Campus

This study explores how Japanese hair removal advertisements reproduce gender norms and reflect the logic of the male gaze. Based on the male gaze theory and the gender norms theory, this study analyzes two common advertising forms, short videos and posters, through four case studies. The analysis is mainly conducted from the perspectives of text and vision, as well as the three elements of narration, images and layout. The research results show that whether it is male or female narrators, short video advertisements associate women with men. Emphasize how hair removal positively influences men's feelings and attitudes in relationships. In short videos, women's agency often changes with men's evaluations, which reinforces heterosexual norms, and women are also positioned in passive and compliant roles. Visually, close-up shots of body parts, the use of filters, and multiple depictions of women as cute, innocent or sexy. All these reflect a kind of aesthetic view influenced by the male gaze. Although the advertisements in these three cases were mainly targeted at female consumers, they were actually designed with a male perspective as the assumed audience. In posters, advertisements targeting women often employ "feminine" colors, revealing clothing, and models with exotic styles, further reinforcing the sexualized image of women. In contrast, advertisements targeting men place more emphasis on professionalism and exhibit a more balanced composition between text and visual elements. Overall, this study reveals how hair removal advertisements in Japan constantly reinforce stereotypes about "femininity", prompt women to objectify themselves, and invisibly deepen gender inequality in society.

This thesis endeavors to study the American classic horror film The Silence of the Lambs from Lacanian psychoanalytic theory. For a long time, this film is famous for its successful try with a female leading character Clarice Starling who represents the modern woman in American’s 80s. However, my study of the film departs from the feminist reading. In Chapter One, I adopt Lacan’s theory of the gaze in contrast to Laura Mulvey’s male gaze in order to discuss how Jonathan Demme deconstructs feminist conception of gaze. According to Mulvey’s reading of the gaze, the horror films often demonstrate the gender issues with the power struggles: males/to see and females/to be seen. In The Silence of the Lambs, Jonathan Demme successfully deals with the power of the gaze in different ways to provide audience a new experience of viewing horror films. In Chapter Two, Starling’s symptom, desire and trauma of losing her father will be the focuses. Many feminist film critics often see Starling’s love for her dead beloved father closely related to her ambivalent feelings for Hannibal Lecter. Through Lacanian psychoanalytic approach of transferential relationship, I will argue that Starling’s love for Lecter and her symptom of dreaming the screaming lambs point to the reconfigurations of the object a represented in the Other that leads her to enjoy the jouissance without traversing the fantasy for the Other’s desire. Chapter Three opens up the issues on the symbolization of the character Hannibal Lecter. To Starling, her transferential relationship with Lecter is obviously connected to her indulgence in obtaining the jouissance from the transgressions of the incest taboo. Through Freud’s theory of the uncanny double, I will argue how Lecter stands as the uncanny double, the Father-jouissance, to Starling and to the Symbolic in this part. Besides, the topic of the Father-jouissance will be discussed combined with textual analysis of his cannibalism to demonstrate the paradoxical relations between the Father-jouissance and the Symbolic.

Acquired capability for suicide (ACS), defined as pain tolerance and fearlessness about death, is theorized as necessary to enact suicide. This study examined the associations of interpersonal violence and alcohol use with ACS in 502 college students. General fearlessness/pain tolerance was positively associated with male gender and alcohol use. Fearlessness about death was positively associated with male gender and general physical violence perpetration. However, these risk factors did not explain variance in ACS beyond male gender and history of suicide attempts/nonsuicidal self-injury. These findings add to the understanding of ACS correlates.

This article studies gender violence, which is considered as violence against women in most literature. In this article, however, gender violence refers to violence against both men and women. The discussion begins with an examination of the constraints and recent trends of gender violence. It then considers the efforts of several feminist theorists who politicized male violence and summarizes empirical work on the responses of different states and regions to the claims of women’s movements to stop gender violence and its consequences. The article also looks at the global level of governance to gender violence and three key developments.

Abstract: This article analysis human rights with a gender perspective. It poses the question about rethinking women’s human rights taking into account women’s claims and interests. Reproduction and gender violence are analysed as paradigmatic cases which demand human rights protection. Although in the last years new human rights tools have been progressively built in the international sphere, protection is still incomplete. Keywords : human rights, women’s human rights, reproduction, gender violence, stereotypes, patriarchy.

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio realizado con mujeres residentes en territorio español, tanto autóctonas como migradas, que sufren o han sufrido violencia de género, al objeto de conocer la incidencia del maltrato sobre su autoestima y las posibilidades de mejoría o recuperación a través de programas de apoyo psicosocial. La recíproca relación existente entre autoestima y violencia de género se presenta en este trabajo mediante una amplia revisión bibliográfica de investigaciones que han abordado esta cuestión. La muestra de la investigación estuvo compuesta por 248 mujeres, usuarias de diversos servicios de atención a la mujer del estado español, que participaron en un programa de intervención psicosocial para víctimas de violencia de género. La selección de la muestra fue intencional y la metodología aplicada es de tipo cuantitativo. El estudio establece relaciones entre características sociodemográficas, tipología del maltrato, tiempo de exposición, perfiles de coexistencia entre distintos tipos de violencia, y efectos de la intervención sobre la autoestima. Se realizó un análisis de la varianza para hallar resultados diferenciales entre ambos grupos de población y un análisis de clasificación por segmentación mediante el programa SPAD-N, encontrándose que las mujeres autóctonas presentan mayor carga negativa respecto a la autoestima que las mujeres migradas, algo que contradice los resultados de otras investigaciones.