Abstract
An experiment was conducted to assess malathion-induced hematological responses of Barbonymus gonionotus (silver barb) and its recovery patterns in malathion-free water. Fish (45 days old) were exposed to two sublethal concentrations, namely, 25% and 50% (i.e., 3.78 and 7.56 ppm) of LC50 (15.13 ppm) of malathion for 28 days, followed by a postexposure recovery period for the same time. The hematological parameters were examined after 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of exposure as well as after the postexposure recovery time. Except in the case of the control group (0% of malathion), the obtained results revealed that malathion exposure resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) higher prevalence and severity of micronucleus and lower values of Hb, PCV, and RBC and significantly higher values of WBC in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The values of blood glucose, MCV, MCH, and MCHC showed mixed trends during the experiment. During the recovery period, all blood parameters (micronucleus, glucose, Hb, PCV, RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC) partially recovered, which means that the recovery period was not long enough for the organisms to recover from the previous exposure. The study thus confirms that hematology is a sensitive indicator for fish to detect toxicity caused by different chemicals. Changes in these parameters can provide useful information about environmental conditions and risk assessment of aquatic organisms.
Highlights
An experiment was conducted to assess malathion-induced hematological responses of Barbonymus gonionotus and its recovery patterns in malathion-free water
Except in the case of the control group (0% of malathion), the obtained results revealed that malathion exposure resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) higher prevalence and severity of micronucleus and lower values of Hb, packed cell volume (PCV), and red blood cells (RBC) and significantly higher values of white blood cells (WBC) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. e values of blood glucose, Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) showed mixed trends during the experiment
All blood parameters partially recovered, which means that the recovery period was not long enough for the organisms to recover from the previous exposure. e study confirms that hematology is a sensitive indicator for fish to detect toxicity caused by different chemicals
Summary
An experiment was conducted to assess malathion-induced hematological responses of Barbonymus gonionotus (silver barb) and its recovery patterns in malathion-free water. E study confirms that hematology is a sensitive indicator for fish to detect toxicity caused by different chemicals. Changes in these parameters can provide useful information about environmental conditions and risk assessment of aquatic organisms. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) replaced organochlorine pesticides (OCs) in agriculture due to their small number of degradation and residues Such pesticides are extremely toxic to aquatic organisms and can have severe and long-term contamination effects on Journal of Toxicology nontarget aquatic species such as fish [9]. Malathion (O,O-dimethyl dithiophosphate of diethyl mercaptosuccinate) belongs to the chemical family organophosphates It is used in controlling pests in agricultural fields and controlling mosquito and fruit fly eradication programs. The intensity of the damage due to exposure to pesticides can be recognized by abnormality levels in some biochemical parameters in the blood [14]. erefore, the hematological study is considered a useful diagnostic tool to explore physiological and metabolic alterations [15]
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