Abstract
Circadian clocks are molecular timekeepers that synchronise internal physiological processes with the external environment by integrating light and temperature stimuli. As in other eukaryotic organisms, circadian rhythms in plants are largely generated by an array of nuclear transcriptional regulators and associated co-regulators that are arranged into a series of interconnected molecular loops. These transcriptional regulators recruit chromatin-modifying enzymes that adjust the structure of the nucleosome to promote or inhibit DNA accessibility and thus guide transcription rates. In this review, we discuss the recent advances made in understanding the architecture of the Arabidopsis oscillator and the chromatin dynamics that regulate the generation of rhythmic patterns of gene expression within the circadian clock.
Highlights
The daily rotation of the Earth generates predictable diurnal changes in light and temperature
RVE8 binds to the EE within the PRR5, TOC1, and EARLY FLOWERING 4 (ELF4) promoter and activates gene expression by recruiting the co-activators NIGHT LIGHT-INDUCIBLE AND CLOCK REGULATED 1/2 (LNK1/LNK2)[24,25,26,27,28]
In recent years, much progress has been made in connecting the individual components of the oscillator into an interconnected transcriptional network
Summary
The daily rotation of the Earth generates predictable diurnal changes in light and temperature. TOC1 accumulates and reciprocally represses CCA1/LHY expression in addition to other clock genes[15,16]. RVE8 binds to the EE within the PRR5, TOC1, and EARLY FLOWERING 4 (ELF4) promoter and activates gene expression by recruiting the co-activators NIGHT LIGHT-INDUCIBLE AND CLOCK REGULATED 1/2 (LNK1/LNK2)[24,25,26,27,28]. 29–34 LUX and ELF3 have been recently shown to associate with the promoter of LNK1/2, highlighting another potential target of the EC35 Together, this interconnected network of activators and repressors drives rhythmic gene expression within the plant oscillator. The promoter regions of CCA1, LHY, TOC1, GI, PRR9, and LUX all display diurnal changes in histone modifications. The concerted activities of a broad range of histonemodifying enzymes are required within the clock to facilitate the transcriptional regulatory activity of the plant oscillator
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