Abstract
Biochar has extensively been used for multiple purposes in agriculture, including improving soil microbial biomass. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of acidic biochar on maize seedlings’ rhizosphere bacterial abundance under salinity. There were seven treatments and three replicates in a controlled greenhouse coded as B0S1, B1S1, and B2S1 and B0S2, B1S2, and B2S2. CK is control (free of biochar and salt); B0, B1, and B2 are 0, 15, and 30 g biochar (kg soil)–1; and S1 and S2 are 2.5 and 5 g salt pot–1 that were amended, respectively. After harvesting the maize seedlings, the soil samples were collected and analyzed for soil microbial biomass, bacterial abundance, and diversity. The results revealed that relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi increased on phylum level, whereas Actinomarinales, Alphaproteobacteria, and Streptomyces enhanced on genus level, respectively, in B2S1 and B2S2, when compared with CK and non-biochar amended soil under saline conditions. The relative abundance of Actinomarinales was positively correlated with total potassium (TK) and Gematimonadetes negatively correlated with total phosphorus (TP). Biochar addition slightly altered the Ace1, Chao1, and alpha diversity. Principal component analysis corresponded to the changes in soil bacterial community that were closely associated with biochar when compared with CK and salt-treated soils. In conclusion, acidic biochar showed an improved soil microbial community under salinity.
Highlights
Soil salinization has become one of the serious environmental challenges that adversely affect crop growth and soil properties
The soil was analyzed for pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in 1:5 w/v extract by using pH and EC meter (Fisher Scientific, United States); soil texture was determined by hydrometer method (Bouyoucos, 1962), cation exchange capacity of the soil samples was measured by ammonium acetate method (Thomas, 1983), and total NPK was measured by an elemental analyzer
The present study revealed that acidic biochar has positively affected the soil microbial community in the rhizosphere
Summary
Soil salinization has become one of the serious environmental challenges that adversely affect crop growth and soil properties. It can cause complex interactions that affect plant metabolism, susceptibility to injury or internal nutrient requirement (Grattan and Grieve, 1998; Munns and Tester, 2008), and decreases soil organic matter, exchangeable K+, and soil microbial biomass (Zhang et al, 2019). It has been observed by different studies that soil respiration, enzyme activity, bacterial growth, and nutrient cycling have been negatively influenced by salinity (Tripathi et al, 2006; Rousk et al, 2011; Yaish et al, 2016)
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