Abstract
Railway cross-border transport is a special case of railway transport, which, due to the necessity of crossing the state border, raises many difficulties. They result from factors, among which the most important are other power systems, control systems, a variety of regulations regarding traffic management or even problems with communication, resulting from the different languages. These difficulties involve a number of consequences for the fluency and efficiency of transportation, but more importantly, have negative effects on safety. The article describes the main problems of cross-border transport on the example of Poland and two neighbouring countries (Germany and Czech Republic), which are also members of the European Union. For this purpose, in cooperation with the Polish railway undertakings, an analysis was carried out of processes conducted by these in the field of cross-border transport and identifies the main problems in this area. As part of the conducted research, potential solutions and improvements were also proposed. The article focuses solely on the issues of crossing the border and manoeuvring operations at stations close to the German and Czech borders, inasmuch as these processes constitute the largest area of activity of Polish railway undertakings within the framework of rail cross-border transport.
Highlights
Some adopted transport policies pay particular attention to territorial cohesion by means of different models of use and development [1] so as to get sustainable development
While the economic profitability and environmental impact of transport infrastructure were traditionally taken into account, territorial cohesion has become an integral part of the deployment of new infrastructures or the improvement of existing ones [2]
Barriers arising in the area of Cross-Border Cooperation are a current and significant problem limiting sustainable development, in particular in the area of Europe and European Union countries
Summary
Some adopted transport policies pay particular attention to territorial cohesion by means of different models of use and development [1] so as to get sustainable development. While the economic profitability and environmental impact of transport infrastructure were traditionally taken into account, territorial cohesion has become an integral part of the deployment of new infrastructures or the improvement of existing ones [2] In this regard, transport networks act as catalysts in unifying spaces [3] and providing structure to the territory, while reflecting the existing imbalance between urban systems and socioeconomic activities [4]. The biggest area of activity of freight railway undertakings in this regard is to conduct border transport processes This type of transport consists of carrying out the transport of goods in one country, crossing the border and performing manoeuvring operations at the border station. As part of the article, improvements that could be implemented were discussed, which could reduce the current problems and limit their possible effects
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