Abstract
BackgroundKashin–Beck disease (KBD) is a disabling osteoarticular disease involving growth and joint cartilage. Early diagnosis can effectively prevent the progress of the disease. However, the early diagnosis of it is still very difficult. Our aim was to study the knee joint lesions of a rat KBD model using ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compare it with X-ray imaging to analyze the possible MRI manifestations of KBD, and to further explore ways to determine the pathological damage of KBD in the early stage.MethodsA total of 96 Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: normal diet (Group A), KBD-affected diet (Group B), normal diet+T-2 toxin (Group C), and KBD-affected diet+T-2 toxin (Group D). T-2 toxin was administered at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg/day. In the 4th week, 8th week, and 12th week, eight rats randomly selected in each group were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after undergoing X-ray and 7.0 T MRI imaging, and then knee joints were harvested, sliced, and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining.ResultsCharacteristic image changes including of continuity interruption and early closure and fusion of epiphyseal plates were observed on T1WI in rat model of KBD. The total necrosis rates in the H&E stain of group A to group D were 4.35, 52.38, 33.3, and 73.68%, respectively. The positive rate of image change under 7.0 T MRI was 0.833 VS. that under X-ray was 0.33 (P = 0.001).ConclusionsMRI at 7.0 T is highly sensitive to the early pathological changes of the epiphysis, epiphyseal plate, and metaphyseal end, which can improve imaging positive rate of KBD and decrease the rate of missed diagnosis. This imaging modality can be used for research on early joint lesions and for early diagnosis of KBD.
Highlights
Kashin–Beck disease (KBD) is a disabling osteoarticular disease involving growth and joint cartilage
General observations from the rats Compared with group A, the rats in groups B-D had dull, sparse and shed hair, reduced activity, and poor nutritional status
X-ray examination After anesthesia, the rats were placed in the supine position, and an anteroposterior X-ray of the knee joint of the rats was performed by a GE 2000D mammography device
Summary
Kashin–Beck disease (KBD) is a disabling osteoarticular disease involving growth and joint cartilage. Kashin–Beck disease (KBD) was first described by N.I. Kashin in 1861 with a detailed description provided by E.B. and A.N. Beck between 1899 and 1902 [1, 2]. KBD mainly invades the developing bone during endochondral ossification phase in children [5]. It first manifests as necrosis in the deep chondrocytes of epiphyseal plate cartilage [6, 7] and articular cartilage necrosis, leading to cartilage development disorder and deformity arthropathy [8,9,10,11]. As histological diagnosis is difficult, clinical and imaging examinations have provided the best means of identifying KBD to date [12]
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