Abstract
Fine ferromagnetic particles occur in very many practical materials of scientific and technological importance. These include spin glasses, rocks, ferrofluids, magnetic recording tapes, permanent magnets, magnetotactic bacteria and other living organisms. It is hence beneficial to consider the magnetic properties of such particles which are small enough to be single domain and to contrast these properties for this wide variety of substances. The discussion is here for the most part concerned with magnetization changes within particles. The following topics are discussed: saturation and remanent magnetization, coercive forces, magnetization mechanisms, remanence curves, interaction field factor, anhysteretic and thermoremanence curves, thermal relaxation processes and superparamagnetism, Vogel-Fulcher law, brief review of typical materials. As an example of magnetization changes by a bulk rotation of the particles a brief account is given of the DORF effect of Pearce.
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