Abstract
As a family of smart functional hybrid materials, magnetic polymer composite particles have attracted considerable attention owing to their outstanding magnetism, dispersion stability, and fine biocompatibility. This review covers their magnetorheological properties, namely, flow curve, yield stress, and viscoelastic behavior, along with their synthesis. Preparation methods and characteristics of different types of magnetic composite particles are presented. Apart from the research progress in magnetic polymer composite synthesis, we also discuss prospects of this promising research field.
Highlights
When soft magnetic particles are suspended in nonmagnetic liquids, these free-moving particles are polarized by an applied H and made to connect to neighboring particles aligned in the direction of the applied H, as shown in Figure 5 [18]
In the final application, ensuring the careful regulation of the thickness of the polymer coating may be a solution for the synthesis of magnetic polymer composites by using appropriate methods
Magnetic polymer composite particles are introduced by their composition and synthetic methods
Summary
Tunable MR fluids consist of Brownian-motion-sustained nano- or microscale soft magnetic particles [18,19,20] suspended in nonmagnetic liquids such as mineral oil, natural or mineral fatty acids, silicone oil paraffin, hydrocarbon oil, and silicone oil Various additives, such as dispersion stabilizers and surfactants can be added to MR fluids to prevent gravity sedimentation and enhance stable particle dispersion, increase lubricity, and tune the medium viscosity [21,22,23,24,25]. Under an external magnetic field, randomly dispersed free-moving particles, which are aligned in the external magnetic field direction, in the fluids become polarized and connect to neighboring particles to form aggregate fibril-like chain structures [30,31] Both shear viscosity and elastic modulus of the MR fluids increase sharply, and they can be controlled by adjusting the magnetic field strength. The electrical analog of the MR fluid, namely, the electrorheological (ER) fluid based on electro-responsive particles, such as conducting polymers and inorganic particles dispersed in a nonconducting liquid, exhibits a similar chain formation mechanism involving the dispersed particles under an applied electric field [35]
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