Abstract
Magnetic nanowires (MNWs) rank among the most promising multifunctional magnetic nanomaterials for nanobarcoding applications, especially biolabeling, owing to their nontoxicity and remote excitation using a single magnetic source. Until recently, the first-order reversal curve (FORC) technique has been broadly used to study the MNWs for biolabeling applications. However, since FORC measurements require many data points, this technique is very slow which makes it inapplicable for clinical use. For this reason, we recently developed a fast new framework, named the projection method, to measure the irreversible switching field (ISF) distributions of MNWs as the magnetic signature for the demultiplexing of magnetic biopolymers. Here, we illustrate the ISF distributions of several MNWs types in terms of their coercivity and interaction fields, which are characterized using both FORC and projection methods. Then, we explain how to tailor the ISF distributions to generate distinct signature to reliably and quantitatively demultiplex the magnetically enriched biopolymers.
Highlights
IntroductionNanomedicine, and medical therapeutics has urged Nanobiotechnology to prioritize the invention of ultrasensitive and rapid multiplexed detection techniques. For example, rare cancer sites need to be detected early for the best diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of cancers
Progress in molecular biology, nanomedicine, and medical therapeutics has urged Nanobiotechnology to prioritize the invention of ultrasensitive and rapid multiplexed detection techniques.1 For example, rare cancer sites need to be detected early for the best diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of cancers
In our previous studies,14,15 we showed that irreversible switching field (ISF) distributions have two main advantages for demultiplexing of the magnetic nanowires (MNWs) embedded in biological tissues
Summary
Nanomedicine, and medical therapeutics has urged Nanobiotechnology to prioritize the invention of ultrasensitive and rapid multiplexed detection techniques. For example, rare cancer sites need to be detected early for the best diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of cancers. A change in the number of cancer cells reflects the chemotherapeutic sensitivity and growth activity of a tumor.. A change in the number of cancer cells reflects the chemotherapeutic sensitivity and growth activity of a tumor.2 This causes a volatile concentration of the cancer cells leading to the failure of the medical treatments because the dosage of the medicine is restricted to a narrow therapeutic window in order to be effective while avoiding side-effects. In this context, new biolabels, such as quantum dots conjugated with magnetic nanoparticles, were proposed.. New biolabels, such as quantum dots conjugated with magnetic nanoparticles, were proposed. Regardless of the requirement of expensive equipment for the optical techniques, their success drastically relies on the specificity of the employed biolabels to assure no spectral overlap between absorption/emission spectra and the biolabels emission spectra while achieving maximum signal-to-noise ratios.
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