Abstract
Magnesium is a common water hardness source. This divalent ion can react with soap anions that reduce cleaning efficiency, resulting in high detergent consumption. The development of new low-cost metal removal adsorbents has attracted a great deal of attention. Here the adsorption behavior and the underlying kinetics of magnesium sorption on Titan yellow (TY) supported on thiourea-formaldehyde resin (TF) was investigated. The results of analyzing sorption behavior showed that the sorption environment had different effects on the sorption of Mg(II) ions. It could be found that the initial pH had the best sorption effect on Mg(II) ions, the equilibrium is reached within 115-120 min and the kinetic profiles are simulated by the pseudo-second-order rate equation (PSORE). The maximum adsorption capacity of Mg was 19.45 mg g−1 at initial pH = 10.5. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum sorption capacity of Mg(II) ions reaches up to 19.45 mg g−1. Therefore, TF-TY was found to be an efficient adsorbent for Mg(II) removal from water.
Highlights
INTRODUCTION People cannot live without waterWater is the source of life and an important component of sustainable economic and social development
The FTIR spectra obtained showed the functional groups of thiourea-formaldehyde resin (TF)-Titan yellow (TY)
The results showed that the rate of Mg(II) adsorption was fast
Summary
Water is the source of life and an important component of sustainable economic and social development. The need for drinking water quality standards require continuous upgrading of water purification technology. Presence of hardness ions in the municipal drinking water is the major health concern. Water hardness can be attributed to the presence of certain ions in water which can form undissolved salts (Pilehvar et al, 2020). Treatment processes often include the removal of these ions due to certain water quality requirements (El-Nahas et al, 2020). To minimize the hardness of drinking water up to the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) quality standard, expensive treatments are required. In actual water bodies, cationic hardness substances are often widespread. Less than one percent of fresh water is accessible from ground level for human consumption (Harper and Snowden, 2017)
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