Magma–host interactions during differentiation and emplacement of a shallow-level, zoned granitic pluton (Tarçouate pluton, Morocco): implications for magma emplacement

Abstract

The Tarçouate pluton (Anti-Atlas, Morocco) is an inversely zoned laccolith emplaced 583 Ma ago into low-grade metasediments, with the following succession: leucocratic granites, biotite–granodiorites (±monzodiorites), hornblende–granodiorites (±monzodiorites) and monzodiorites syn-plutonic dykes. These rocks form two distinct, chemically coherent, units: (1) A main unit consists of layered (57<SiO 2<59 wt.%) and homogeneous (63<SiO 2<67%) hornblende–granodiorites, biotite–granodiorites (67<SiO 2<72%) and aplites (70<SiO 2<76%). All these rocks are metaluminous to peraluminous and display fractionated HREE depleted patterns (La/Yb N =14–61; Yb N =0.7–6.8). Initial 87Sr/ 86Sr ratios (0.7072 to 0.7080) increase, whereas ε Nd(t) values (−1.7 to −2.8) decrease from the hornblende– to the biotite–granodiorites. Monzodiorites occur as mafic microgranular enclaves or syn-plutonic dykes. (2) A subordinate unit consists of leucocratic, distinctly peraluminous, muscovite-bearing granites (72<SiO 2<75%) occurring at the northern edge of the pluton and as dykes in the surrounding schists towards the top of the pluton. These rocks are free of monzodioritic enclaves. They display less fractionated patterns with higher HREE contents (La/Yb N =2–19; Yb N =11–18), a distinct ε Nd(t) value (−11.8) and a 87Sr/ 86Sr initial ratio (0.7480) within those of the surrounding schists (0.7393–0.7819). Magma–host interactions are closely related to differentiation and occurred at different levels, but mainly before emplacement. Field relationships and petrogenetic modelling show that the bt–granodiorites formed at levels deeper than the level of emplacement, by fractional crystallisation (0.65<F<0.85) with limited amounts of contamination by crustal material (∼5 wt.%). The hbl–granodiorites differentiated at the level of emplacement by fractional crystallisation leading to residual melts (F=0.55) slightly contaminated by the country rocks (∼2 wt.%) and represented by aplite dykes. The leucocratic granites are likely to derive by partial melting of lithologies similar in composition to the country metasediments. These data preclude any significant material transfer process for the emplacement of the Tarçouate pluton, but rather suggest assembly of successive pulses of variably differentiated crystal-poor magmas. These shallow level granitic plutons can be considered as an end-member of magma emplacement with minimum interactions with the country rocks.