Macular Alterations in Patients with Chronic Diseases in Queretaro

Abstract

Background: Visual health problems and chronic-degenerative diseases have a significant impact on the Mexican population. Macular alterations are the third worldwide cause of moderate to severe visual disability. The timely detection of macular alterations and the control of chronic-degenerative diseases allow stopping or prolonging their progress, giving better visual health and quality of life. Objective: To determine the association between the main chronic degenerative diseases and macular alterations. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional observational study was carried out in patients over 60 years of age assigned to UMF 16. The selection of participants was carried out in a non-probabilistic manner. The Amsler grid test was applied as a screening to detect macular alterations, and clinical, metabolic and sociodemographic variables were also measured. For the statistical analysis we used descriptive statistics with measures of central tendency and dispersion; in the inferential analysis, Chi-Square Test, odds ratio and ANOVA were used. Results: A total of 112 patients were analyzed. The frequency of macular alterations in the right eye was 25%; and the same for the left eye. The total frequency of macular alterations was 36%. When analyzing the four groups we found the following results for qualitative variables: sex, p 0.58; education, p 0.27; CKD stage, p 0.22; smoking, p 0.22; dyslipidemia, p 0.64; obesity, p 0.72; and macular alterations, p 0.11. In the quantitative variables we find: age, p 0.1; creatinine, p 0.4; GFR, p 0.055; glucose, p 0.001; systolic pressure, p 0.04; and diastolic pressure, p 0.6.