Abstract
In view of extremely challenging requirements on the design and optimization of future mobile communication systems, researchers are considering the possibilities of creating intelligent radio environments by using reconfigurable and smart metasurfaces integrated into walls, ceilings, or facades. In this novel communication paradigm, tunable metasurfaces redirect incident waves into the desired directions. To design and characterize such smart radio environments in any realistic scenario, it is necessary to know how these metasurfaces behave when illuminated from other directions and how scattering from finite-sized anomalous reflectors can be estimated. In this work, we analyze the far-field scattering of reflective metasurfaces and study the angular response of anomalous reflectors for arbitrary illumination angles. Using the surface-impedance model, we explain the dependence of the reflection coefficients of phase-gradient metasurfaces on the illumination angle and present numerical examples for typical structures. We also consider scattering from finite-sized metasurfaces and define a route toward including the full-angle response of anomalous reflections into the ray-tracing models of the propagation channel. The developed models apply to other diffraction gratings of finite size.
Highlights
W ITH the development of mobile communications, there is a continuous challenge to improve the communications systems making them more efficient and versatile
We will study how the energy is scattered when the anomalous reflectors are illuminated at illumination angles different from the design angle of incidence, i.e., we study the angular response of the metasurface
We have investigated the angular response of phase-gradient metasurfaces designed for manipulating the direction of propagation of reflected electromagnetic waves
Summary
W ITH the development of mobile communications, there is a continuous challenge to improve the communications systems making them more efficient and versatile. As we already discussed for the case of infinite metasurfaces, these models do not account for parasitic reflections due to impedance mismatch and the surface periodicity [16], [22], [23], [33] Another limitation is that the known models can be used only for a single plane-wave illumination at the design incidence angle, and they are not useful if the metasurface is illuminated from many directions (the multipath scenario). We propose an approximate analytical method for calculations of reflected fields in the far zone, merging approaches based on the physical optics and the theory of diffraction gratings This model considers parasitic, multibeam scattering, and is applicable for arbitrary illumination angles. From the more general perspective, the developed theory allows effective calculation of far-zone scattered fields for general periodical structures that operate as diffraction gratings
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