Macroeconomic Policy Uncertainty and Environmental Sustainability Nexus: A Systematic Review

Chapter 1: A Preview of Environmental Policies and Issues Robert Dibie. 2. Environmental Concepts and Applications Robert Dibie. Part I: Developed Countries. 3. Environmental Policies and Issues in the United States Robert Dibie and Mary Bourke. 4. Analysis Environmental Health Issues and Policies in Western Europe Emeka Nwagwu. 5. Environmental Health Policies and Issues in Canada Emmanuel Iyiegbuniwe and Robert Dibie. Part II: Developing Countries - Africa. 6. Environmental Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa Robert Dibie. 7. Environmental Policies and Issues in Ghana Albert O. Assibey-Mensah and Robert Dibie. 8. Environmental Policy and Impacts in South Africa Robert Dibie and Kealeboga Maphunye. 9. Environmental Policies and Issues in Ethiopia Robert Dibie. 10. Environmental Policy and Issues in Nigeria Offiong Offiong and Robert Dibie. Part III: Developing Countries - Other Continents. 11. Environmental Health Policy in Brazil Robert Dibie, William Mello, and Galia Benitez. 12. Environmental Policies and Issues in Jamaica Robert Dibie. 13. Environmental Policies and Issues in Trinidad and Tobago Robert Dibie. 14. Environmental Policies and Issues in Belize Emmanuel Iyiegbuniwe. 15. Environmental Policies and Issues in Some Arab Countries Robert Dibie and Muawya Hussein. Conclusion. 16. Environmental Sustainability and Solutions Robert Dibie.

Goal. To determine the features of forming environmental policy in the context of developing a circular economy. Method. The theoretical and methodological basis of this study comprises fundamental and contemporary works of domestic and foreign experts in the field of environmental policy and circular economy. The analysis of the formation and implementation of environmental policy in enterprises was conducted using various scientific methods that ensure a comprehensive and systematic approach to studying this issue. Methods of analysis and synthesis were used to generalize theoretical approaches and identify key aspects of enterprises' environmental policy. The analysis of scientific sources and practical examples allowed us to highlight the main elements and principles that form the basis of environmental policy in the context of a circular economy. Induction and deduction methods were employed to formulate general conclusions based on individual facts and data obtained during the study. This approach allowed for identifying general trends and patterns in the implementation of environmental policy in enterprises and assessing their impact on economic efficiency and environmental sustainability. The method of scientific abstraction was used to explore the development paths of environmental policy and assess the risks of its application in the conditions of a circular economy. This enabled identifying key trends and promising directions for further improvement of environmental management in enterprises. The comparative analysis method was applied to evaluate different approaches to the formation and implementation of environmental policy in enterprises in Ukraine and abroad. This allowed us to determine best practices and suggest recommendations for adapting international experience to the conditions of the Ukrainian economy. The graphical method was used to visualize the research results and present the interconnections between different aspects of environmental policy. This facilitated a better understanding of complex processes and eased the perception of information. Methods of observation and identification enabled the empirical assessment of the implementation of environmental policy in specific enterprises, as well as the identification of practical aspects and challenges faced by enterprises in this process. Results. Environmental policy is considered a key aspect of strategic management in an enterprise. This article is dedicated to exploring the formation of environmental policy in the context of developing a circular economy. A sequence of steps for developing an environmental program and policy to improve enterprise activities has been proposed. It has been proven that the main lever in forming environmental policy is the creation of environmental funds. Special attention is given to the study of practical aspects of implementing environmental policy and its impact on the economic efficiency of enterprises. Recommendations for implementing environmental policy, taking into account international standards ISO 9000 and ISO 14000, highlight the importance of ensuring transparency and openness in the process of implementing environmental initiatives. Additionally, the role of stakeholders in the successful implementation of environmental policy and the necessity of integrating environmental principles into all aspects of enterprise activities are discussed. Scientific Novelty. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the comprehensive analysis of the processes of forming and implementing environmental policy in enterprises under the conditions of developing a circular economy. For the first time, a systematic study of the key aspects and principles of environmental policy in the context of modern sustainable development requirements has been conducted. The conducted research also provides new data on the impact of environmental policy on the efficiency of enterprises' activities and their ability to adapt to changes in environmental legislation and market requirements. The implementation of the circular economy concept is considered not only as a method for reducing waste but also as a strategic tool for enhancing enterprises' competitiveness and economic stability. Practical Significance. The main recommendations for enterprises regarding the implementation of effective environmental policy and management of environmental aspects of their activities are formulated.

Environmental policy sustainability as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda has appeared as one of the challenges to most developing nations such as Nigeria. This inadvertently has affected (SDG) agenda in Nigeria. Although many scholars have given attention to other dimensions of socio-economic policies/natural environment, the case of environmental policy sustainability has received virtually no attention in some regions such as southeast Nigeria. The study aptly captured the context of human behavioural disposition towards environmental knowledge and policy sustainability among the rural population in southeast Nigeria in the framework of Symbolic Interactionism/Environmental Responsible Behaviour, with the support of survey data. The study involved 1200 respondents from rural communities, while data collected through questionnaire instrument were analyzed using inferential statistics. The findings show strong positive correlation between familiarity with ecological harmony and support to pro public environmental policy (rho= .84, n= 1200, p<0.01), knowledge of the natural environment and support to pro public environmental policy (rho= .87, n= 1200, p<0.01), while environmental policy sustainability can be predicted by some crucial socio-demographic factors (p<.000). By implication, knowledge of the operation of the natural environment and government policy approaches and dimensions should be encouraged among the rural communities in the region.

"Advances in Environmental Law" is a ground-breaking exploration of the ever-evolving field of environmental jurisprudence, providing a comprehensive examination of key themes such as Environmental Law, Climate Law, European Law, Globalization, Indigenous Peoples, Right to Clean Environment, Environmental Litigation, Clean Energy, Sustainable Development, and Environmental Policy. Authored by leading experts in the field, this book serves as a vital resource for legal professionals, policymakers, academics, and anyone passionate about the intersection of law and environmental sustainability. Foreworded by eminent and high stature legal scientist, Prof. Dr. Anatoly Getman, who is State honoured esteemed Rector of Ukraine’s the only National Law University in the name of Yaroslav the Wise, this book begins by dissecting the foundations of Environmental Law, offering a detailed analysis of international and domestic legal frameworks that shape environmental governance. It delves into the intricate web of treaties, conventions, and agreements that guide nations in their commitment to preserving the planet's health. A significant focus is placed on Climate Law, exploring the legal mechanisms designed to address the urgent challenges of climate change. The book navigates through international climate agreements, domestic legislation, and the role of environmental courts in shaping policies aimed at mitigating and adapting to the impacts of a changing climate. In the context of European Law, the book investigates the specific legal frameworks within the European Union that govern environmental protection and sustainability. It explores landmark cases and legislative developments that have shaped the continent's approach to ecological conservation and climate action. Globalization emerges as a key theme, with the book scrutinizing the legal implications of interconnected economies on environmental practices. It addresses the challenges and opportunities presented by the globalized nature of environmental issues, emphasizing the need for transnational cooperation and legal instruments. Indigenous Peoples' rights and their role in environmental governance are explored in depth, recognizing the unique perspectives and contributions of indigenous communities in environmental conservation. The book critically examines legal frameworks that safeguard indigenous knowledge and territories. The Right to a Clean Environment is a fundamental principle underpinning the book's exploration. It discusses the evolution of this right and its implications for legal systems worldwide, emphasizing its role in shaping environmental policies and promoting justice. Environmental Litigation is scrutinized as a powerful tool for advocacy and accountability. The book analyses landmark environmental cases, shedding light on the role of the judiciary in influencing environmental policies and holding violators accountable. Clean Energy and Sustainable Development are discussed in the context of legal frameworks that promote the transition to environmentally friendly practices. The book examines the role of law in incentivizing clean energy initiatives and fostering sustainable development. Environmental Policy is a recurring theme throughout the book, with a focus on the development, implementation, and evaluation of policies aimed at addressing pressing environmental challenges. Thus, the "Advances in Environmental Law" is a timely and authoritative work that not only captures the current state of environmental jurisprudence but also paves the way for future developments in the field. With its interdisciplinary approach and emphasis on global perspectives, this book is an invaluable resource for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between law, the environment, and sustainable development.

Although there are many ways to overcome environmental problems, the threat of climate change and resource depletion, which has become a global problem, forces countries to make common policies. However, some economic costs that occur at the same time prevent countries from adopting sustainable environmental policies. Therefore, this article, which emphasizes environmental education, includes examples of cooperation between countries on environmental protection and sustainable development.Environmental policies and development policies in the member states of the European Union are also among the subjects to be examined. In this way, the level of environmental policy in countries with different foreign policy priorities could be observed. The EU, which has rapidly developed its environmental policies with the effect of globalization, sets an example in this regard. Therefore, the research, it is aimed to discuss the place of environmental protection policies in the education system in European Union (EU) countries. It is seen that the current education system does not adequately focus on climate change. It has been determined that the environmental policies carried out to overcome the negative effects of environmental problems cannot be integrated into the education system or their sustainability cannot be ensured. If it is desired to have environmentally sensitive societies: It is important to improve the curriculum and analyze the international repercussions of climate challenges on education. Indeed, education is one of the most important stages of this informing process. In this article, “globalization” will also be discussed together with the EU's environmental policy and education system. Furthermore, it will be analyzed which subjects are included in the curriculum and what the differences are between European countries. There are three main titles in this study in which qualitative research method is preferred: “Introduction”, “The Effects of The Globalization on Environmental Problem”, “Environmental Education in EU and Sustainable Development”. As a result, in the light of the information obtained, it is seen that the effort to integrate the environmental policies of the European Union into the education system in economic, social, and political life dimensions continues. Considering the EU's 2030 and 2050 sustainable development goals; in addition to a sustainable environmental education policy, investments should be made in sustainable energy and sustainable urbanization policies.

The purpose of this paper is to indicate that (a) environmental and macroeconomic policies should be devised conjointly and (b) socially desirable responses of these policies to production-capacity stimuli and to changes in policy objectives commonly involve “intertemporal policy reversals”. We deal with environmental policies which restrict the flows of pollutants and with macroeconomic policies which influence aggregate consumption and production. In the context of a simple macroeconomic model (constructed in the spirit of d’Arge and Kogiku (1), Forster (2), Keeler, Spence, and Zeckhauser (3), Plourde (4), and Smith (5)) a socially optimal relation between environmental and macroeconomic policies is derived. We examine the dynamic adjustments of this relation to production-capacity stimuli (in particular, changes in the supply of non-nroduced resources and technological progress) and to changes in the policy-maker’s objective function (in particular, changes in his rate of time preference and changes in the relative valuation of environmental and macroeconomic goals). These adjustments commonly imply direction changes in the movement of the environmental and macroeconomic policy instruments through time.

The government has the task of national development in various fields. Especially in the environmental sector, the government has the task of developing a sustainable environment. However, the environment is sometimes damaged due to natural disasters or disasters caused by development. Considering the importance of a sustainable environment, it is considered urgent to conduct preliminary research regarding environmental damage due to natural disasters in 2024 and follow-up efforts. After Presidential Regulation No. 87/2020 on the 2020-2044 Disaster Management Master Plan. This paper attempts to answer a research question. What is the environmental management policy for overcoming the natural disaster of the cold lava flood of mount Marapi in West Sumatra province, Indonesia? The purpose of this paper was to study the environmental management policy and overcome this natural disaster. The research was conducted descriptive qualitative methods to study the circumstances and events that have occurred. Through library research, data was collected and processed and then presented in the table, matrix, and figure. The data obtained is discussed using descriptive analysis, and public policy analysis. The results are discussed with recommendations on the relationship between environmental policy and disaster management policy as well as coordination between government agencies and stakeholders to follow up.

Cities' role in environmental sustainability policy: The Italian experience

We study the link among economic growth, renewable natural resources and environmental policy. The context is a general equilibrium model of endogenous growth and environmental policy. We examine the conditions under which sustainable growth is both feasible and optimal, where the latter takes the form of second‐best optimal environmental Ramsey policies. We also investigate the conditions for an inverted U‐shaped relation between environmental policies and sustainable growth. We show that the combination of environmental production externalities and second‐best optimal Ramsey policies can lead to both local and global indeterminacy. The introduction of environmental policy, although well‐intentioned and designed to correct for market inefficiencies, triggers an expectations coordination problem; thereby differences in environmental quality and economic growth can be explained among countries with the same fundamentals.

China's economy has made remarkable achievements in the past 40 years. However, the economic development is accompanied by serious environmental pollution. Chinese government has promulgated many policies to reduce environment pollution. However, it is doubtable whether the increased uncertainty in environmental policies inhibits enterprise development. Therefore in this study we use Mathematical Derivation, Stepwise Regression Method and Regulated Effect to investigate the impact of environmental policy uncertainty on enterprise productivity. The results show that (1) environmental policy uncertainty significantly inhibits the improvement of enterprise productivity. (2) environmental policy uncertainty inhibits enterprise productivity by enterprise innovation, human capital and foreign direct investment; (3) environmental policy uncertainty has heterogeneous impact on enterprise productivity. According to this study we also provide some beneficial environmental policy suggestions for the Chinese government. Such as the government should build a stable economic environment, maintain the sustainability of local environmental regulation policies and formulate more detailed measures to adapt different types of enterprises.

E-waste contains hazardous chemicals and materials that threaten the environment and human health, when improperly disposed. This study examined levels of awareness of e-waste disposal among university students in Ghana, and their proenvironmental decision-making using two outcome variables: knowledge on environmental impact and policy issues (EIPI) and environmental behavior and sustainability (EBS). Reliability estimates (Cronbach's alpha) for the two outcomes variables were 0.91 and 0.72, respectively. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to explore and determine the underlying factor structure for the latent constructs employed as dependent variables; and to verify the factor structure while testing the relationships between observed indicators and their underlying latent constructs. Ordinary Least Square techniques were then used to examine the effects of theoretically relevant covariates on the selected dependent variables. Results indicate satisfactory model adequacy, (χ2=33.59, df = 29; p < 0.255; RMSEA = 0.01). Awareness of e-waste among the students was generally low. Students’ awareness of e-waste contamination of air and soil (effects) was higher than their awareness of acceptable e-waste practices (change strategies) or environmental policy (vision). Gender and level of study were both positively related to environmental behavior and sustainability (EBS). Compared to females, males scored higher (b = 0.192) on EBS. Students in the lower levels of their university education scored higher (b = 0.256) on EBS, compared to those in upper years of university. Also, students in the lower levels of university scored higher on knowledge of environmental impact and policy (b = .0175), compared to those in upper years of university.

The dynamics of green innovation, environmental policy and energy structure for environmental sustainability; Evidence from AfCFTA countries

This chapter presents the interlinkages between gender and environmental policies, highlighting how a coherent approach could lead to mutually reinforcing gender equality and environmental goals and policies. It describes the existing gaps in policy and decision making, including with respect to gender-sensitive data. It concludes by presenting an integrated approach to gender equality and environmental sustainability, which covers issues of governance and sustainable financing.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of farmer protests across seven European countries (France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Poland, and Romania) from late 2023 to early 2024, focusing on the intersection of anti-environmentalist discourse and Euroscepti­cism within these movements. Amidst growing tensions between agricultural practices and environmental policies, these protests highlight how civil society can pose a threat to the implementation of environmental policy across the European Union (EU). Utilizing discourse analysis and comparative methodology, the paper examines the platforms and public statements of the protesting groups to identify core themes of resistance against environmental regulations and EU agricultural policies. Furthermore, it incorporates a Euroscepticism lens to explore how anti-EU sentiments exacerbate the protests, reflect­ing broader issues of sovereignty, identity, and economic survival in the face of EU-wide policy directives. Our findings suggest that while environmental policy concerns are at the forefront, a significant undercurrent of Euroscepticism influences the discourse and demands of these protests, presenting a multifaceted challenge for EU policymakers. By analyzing these protests in a comparative context, this study contributes to the un­derstanding of contemporary European social movements and the intricate balance between environmental sustainability and agricultural livelihoods within the EU policy framework.

PurposeThis study aims to examine whether social inclusion policies promote financial inclusion. Three social inclusion policies were analyzed: gender equality policies, environmental sustainability policies and social protection (SP) policies.Design/methodology/approachThe study used the panel fixed effect regression methodology to analyze data from 48 low- and medium-income countries.FindingsThe results show that social inclusion policies do not have a significant effect on financial inclusion. Also, the older population is less likely to own an account at a formal financial institution in low- and medium-income countries that have strong environmental sustainability policies and institutions. The implication of the finding is that the policies and institutions established to promote environmental sustainability can discourage the older population from keeping the population's wealth in formal financial institutions in the country.Practical implicationsPolicy makers should consider how social and environmental policies and programs can be designed to promote financial inclusion for older individuals in the individuals' countries.Originality/valueThe financial inclusion literature has not considered the role of social inclusion policies in promoting financial inclusion for individuals, businesses and the excluded groups in a country.