Machine learning models for chronic kidney disease diagnosis and prediction

Abstract

Background and objectiveChronic kidney disease is a severe health problem that affects people all over the world, particularly in South Asia. Therefore, proper diagnosis and treatment are required as early as possible. The main goal of this study is to detect the presence or absence of CKD in the human body utilizing a variety of features grasped from a few medical tests. MethodsThis paper has focused on eight ensemble learning methods for diagnosing CKD on the UCI machine learning datasets. The datasets have been fixed by imputing the missing values using the MICE imputation method and handling the imbalance properties using the borderline SVMSMOTE method to improve the performance of classifiers. Moreover, recursive feature elimination and the boruta method have been used to find the most significant features and reduce the compilation time, while the hyperparameter tuning technique was used to raise the performance of classifiers and get optimal solutions. ResultsTaking the most significant feature into consideration, RFE outperformed boruta and selected only 50% of the total features. Moreover, various performance matrices are used to find the best competent classifiers for detecting CKD. LightGBM outperformed state-of-the-art and other ensemble methods with the lowest compilation time and highest accuracy. Based on experimental findings, the proposed method achieved the highest average of 99.75% accuracy, 99.40% precision, 99.41% recall, 99.61% F-measure and 99.57% AUC-ROC. Moreover, our proposed method rises the average detection rate by 5.64%, 1%, 2.04%, 8.63%,1.99%, 2.84%, 2.42% and 4.76%, respectively, in comparison with different approaches performing on the same dataset. ConclusionExperiments show that our suggested method can identify CKD more precisely than the most recent methods.