Abstract
Objective: the aim of this study is to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activity, the total phenol and flavonoid content and the possible protective effects of commercial propolis on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Methods: the in vitro antioxidant activity was measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assay, the total phenols content was measured by folin–ciocalteau assay, the flavonoids content by the alcl3 colorimetric method and the renoprotective effects of propolis methanol extract was evaluated in a rabbit model of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. The protective effects of propolis on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits were evaluated through biochemical parameter (measuring serum urea and creatinine) and histopathological alterations in kidneys Results: methanol extract of propolis showed a strong antioxidant activity, which is attributed to its high phenolic and flavonoid contents. Oral administration of propolis extract to rabbits at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight significantly protected against histopathological and biochemical alterations induced by gentamicin. Conclusion: the present study demonstrated that commercial propolis is strong antioxidant and is effective for the prevention of gentamicin-induced renal damage in rabbits
Highlights
Antifungal and antiviral activities of the petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CHCl3), methanol (MeOH),and alkaloid (ALK) extracts of Lycopodium clavatum (LC) and L. complanatum L. subsp. chamaecyparissus (LCC) growing in Turkey [12,13]
The growth inhibition was higher against T. b. rhodesiense than against T. cruzi, and the extracts displayed moderate activity having IC50 values in the range 9.3-47.0 mg/ml (T. b. rhodesiense) and 15.359.6 mg/ml (T. cruzi), while the references; melarsoprol and benznidazole showed IC50 values of 0.003 and 0.35 mg/ml, respectively
Lycopodium (Huperzia) is a genus of clubmosses, i.e. flowerless and primitive fern plants, rich in so-called “Lycopodium alkaloids” that have quinolizine, pyridine, and alpha-pyridone chemical skeletons [21]. These plants have a long history of use in Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of many ailments [22], but the genus has gained a worldwide reputation after the isolation of huperzine A from Huperzia serrata [23,24]
Summary
Diphasia Presl.) (Lycopodiaceae), usually known as “club moss, ground pine, devil’s claw or devil ash” in, is a pteridophyte found abundantly in subtropical and tropical forests and is currently under risk of extinction [1]. The genus is represented by five species in Turkish flora, namely L. alpinum L., L. annotinum L., L. clavatum L., L. complanatum subsp. Of these species, L. clavatum (LC) is the most common in Anatolia and has been used in herbal tea form as well as its for woundhealing effect in powder form against nappies occurring in babies and, called “belly powder” [3]. Spores of the plant as dusting powder have been stated to be protective of tender skin [4]
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