Abstract
Lycopene is an important natural red pigment with strong singlet oxygen and peroxide free radical quenching ability. Ethanol directly destroys the epithelial cells of gastric mucosa, causing oxidative damage and inflammation. To evaluate the effect of lycopene on the ethanol induced gastric injury, 112 adult male Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control, lycopene control, gastric injury control, omeprazole (20 mg/kg) positive control, and lycopene experimental groups (at doses of 10, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight) in this study. The general and pathological evaluation, gastric secretion, as well as the levels of antioxidant and inflammatory factors were detected. In lycopene experimental groups, the amount of gastric juice were lower than that in the gastric injury control group; the levels of T-SOD, and the levels of MDA and inflammatory factors (MMP-9 and MCP-1) decreased. However, general and pathological evaluation of gastric tissues revealed that lycopene (especially at high doses) could aggravate acute gastric mucosal injury induced by ethanol. Therefore, lycopene (especially at high doses) aggravates acute gastric mucosal injury caused by ethanol, but this was not due to oxidative stress or inflammatory factors. In lycopene control group, the levels of MTL, T-SOD, and NO increased, but the levels of ALT and AST decreased, indicating that lycopene has a protective effect on the stomach and liver when ethanol wasn't taken. It reminds us that, when alcohol is consumed in large quantities, consumption of lycopene products should be carefully considered.
Highlights
Acute gastric injury caused by ethanol is a common clinical disease, especially in males
Through general observation of the gastric mucosa, we found that there were no lesions in the normal control group (NC) and lycopene control group (LYC) groups, but lesions in injury control group (IC), omeprazole control group (OMEC), and lycopene experimental groups (Figure 1A)
The injury inhibition rate (Figure 1D) of the OMEC group was approximately 75%, while the inhibition rates of the lycopene experimental groups include ultralow-dose group (LYC-UL), LYC-L, and LYC-H groups were −2, −8, and −68%, respectively. These results suggest that lycopene aggravates gastric mucosal injury caused by absolute ethanol, especially at high doses
Summary
Acute gastric injury caused by ethanol is a common clinical disease, especially in males. The integrity of the stomach is mostly maintained by pre-epithelial factors (mucus, bicarbonate, and phospholipids), epithelial factors (prostaglandins, heat shock proteins, trefoil factor family peptides, and enterotoxins), and post-epithelial factors (nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin) [1]. These defense mechanisms can protect the gastric mucosa from local damage and maintain its structural and functional integrity [2]. There is a variety of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in gastric cells, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), which can maintain gastric homeostasis by scavenging ROS. Endogenous antioxidant enzymes play an important role in protecting the integrity of the gastric mucosa
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