Abstract
Obesity represents a major challenge to the pharmaceutical community due to the minimal availability of anti-obesity drugs and the drawbacks of current weight-loss agents. The study described herein presents lupine oil, in two pharmaceutical formulations, as a potential anti-obesity agent via its effect on different physiological, biochemical, and hormonal parameters. Rats were divided into two groups; one group was continued on a standard commercial rodent diet and served as the non-obese control. The other group was fed a high-fat diet for 7 weeks to prepare an obese rat model. Then, the obese rats were divided into groups to receive 100 mg/kg of the crude lupine oil or nanoemulsion for 10 or 20 days. Lupine oil showed a potent body weight-reducing effect and improved insulin resistance. The oil altered obesity-induced hyperlipidemia and it enhanced the leptin/adiponectin/AMPK hormonal system in epididymal fat, serum, and liver, to which all the above physiological activities could be attributed. The nanoemulsion formulation of lupine oil significantly amplified the activity for all the above physiological and hormonal parameters when compared to the crude oil formulation. Lupine oil nanoemulsion could be used as a potential drug against diet-induced obesity.
Highlights
Obesity is a major health and social problem with huge impacts on one’s quality of life
Crude lupine oil was extracted from the plant seeds after a debittering process in which toxic alkaloids were eliminated
The crude oil was diluted to the required dose, for either animal administration or the nanoemulsion formulation, by sunflower oil
Summary
Obesity is a major health and social problem with huge impacts on one’s quality of life. Moderated AMPK activity in the liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and other peripheral tissues is a predisposing factor for obesity and diabetes as it reduces one’s exercise capacity and glucose tolerance (Stark, Ashley, Andrews, 2013). The influence of lupine-enriched foods on obesity and related cardiovascular diseases is well scrutinized; all research attributed this activity to the protein and fibrous parts of the seed (Belski et al, 2011). The aim of this study is to propose lupine oil, both crude and nanoemulsion formulations, as a natural medication for obesity and its related complications by investigating the effect of the oil on different physiological parameters and hormone levels
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