Abstract
The presence of human pharmaceutical compounds in surface waters is an emerging issue in environmental science. Low levels of many active pharmaceutical ingredients are detected in the aquatic environment as a result of pharmaco-chemical industrial waste spill-offs in draining water. In the manufacturing of pharmaceutical drug substances azides are used as reagents or when they are generated somehow in the synthesis, it may be necessary to demonstrate that these impurities are sufficiently removed to levels below an appropriate safety threshold. Sodium azide is an example of an azide for which the environmental exposure limits have been reasonably well characterized. The treatment of waste and industrial water can be conducted by removing dissolved materials and ions in water using membrane separation technology with ultra- and nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. To achieve better effluent water quality, tertiary treatment with activated carbon adsorption is used. To analyze the risk of pharmaceuticals in the environment, a proposed validated methodology by NMR spectroscopy will support the evaluation of the eco-toxicological hazards during the early development process of pharmaceuticals.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
