Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare rest QT interval and QTcorrected intervals of electrocardiogram in trained men with and without cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) and investigate cardiac electrocardiogram parameters in trained men with CSCI submitted to maximal effort test. Thirty men were separated into three groups: Control without CSCI (CON, 25.3 ± 4.1 yrs, strength training: 3 days week -1 ; aerobic training 1day week -1 ; n = 10), high volume exercise (30.5 ± 4.3 yrs, 3 day week -1 rugby specific exercises, 60min. day -1 ; n = 12) and moderate volume of exercise (33.7 ± 5.9 yrs, 2 days week -1 specific rugby exercises, 60 min. day -1 ; n = 8) with incomplete CSCI (C5-C7 cervical vertrebae) more than 12 months. Electrocardiogram was recorded in rest, during and after effort test. QT interval was significantly reduced (p = 0.001) in the high volume exercise group compared to control. Corrected QT interval showed no difference between moderate vs. high volume exercise group (p > 0.05). No changes were observed in QT, corrected QT, PR and QRS intervals of electrocardiogram between rest and post effort (p > 0.05). Thus, effort test does not change electrocardiogram parameters in CSCI subjects. High volume of week exercise promotes abnormalities in cardiac repolarization compared to a moderate training program.
Highlights
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic event that compromises physical, psychological and social well-being of patients, and shake substantial financial burden on health care systems (Saunders, Clarke, Tate, Forchheimer, & Krause, 2015)
Thirty men were recruitedand separated into three groups: Control without cervical SCI (CON, 25.3 ± 4.1 yrs, 179.2 ± 7.4 cm, 82.3 ± 8.1 Kg; Body-mass index (BMI) 26.3 ± 2.3 kg m-2, n = 10), regularly engaged in strength training of 3 days week-1 and low aerobic training of 1 day week-1; High volume exercise with cervical SCI (HVE : 30.5 ± 4.3 yrs, 173.0 ± 11.1 cm, 65.7 ± 8.1 Kg; BMI 22.0 ± 2.9 kg m-2; n = 12), practicing wheelchair rugby 3 day week-1, 60 min. day-1; and moderate volume of exercise with cervical SCI (MVE: 33.7 ± 5.9 yrs, 178.1 ± 4.3 cm, 73.6 ± 9.6 Kg; BMI 23.1 ± 2.5 kg m-2; n = 8), practicing wheelchair rugby 2 days week-1, 60 min. day-1
The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each individual observer was 0.94 (p < 0.001), whereas correlations among readers was 0.92 (p < 0.001).The mean duration of maximum exercise testing was of 9 ± 1.4 minutes
Summary
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic event that compromises physical, psychological and social well-being of patients, and shake substantial financial burden on health care systems (Saunders, Clarke, Tate, Forchheimer, & Krause, 2015). The major incidence of SCI are related to cervical trauma (55%), which shows higher prevalence from traffic accidents (40 – 50%), assault (10 – 25%), falls (20%), work-related injuries (10 – 25%), and sports/recreation-related injuries (10 – 25%) (Biering-Sorensen et al, 2011;Surkin, Gilbert, Harkey, Sniezek, & Currier, 2000; Yang et al, 2013). A document published by the World Health Organization (Biering-Sorensen et al, 2011) shows that global SCI incidence is about 40 - 80 new cases. Patients with cervical SCI are a high-risk group, with the highest mortality rate reported in spinal trauma, by suffer significant damage in the cardiac autonomic system, when compared to thoracic or lumbar spine injuries (Yang et al, 2013). Two types of SCI could be described: complete, which contributes to loss of function below the level of the injury, and incomplete, that result in some feeling below the point of injury (Harkey, White, Tibbs, & Haines, 2003)
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