Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the floral biology and pollination requirements of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), cultivar CNPA G2. The study was carried out at Barbalha, State of Ceará, and consisted of two phases: floral biology and pollination requirements. Flowers were observed as for time of anthesis, lifespan and stigma receptivity, and were applied the following pollination treatments: open pollination, hand cross-pollination, hand self-pollination, pollination restricted with tulle bags and pollination restricted with paper bags. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were detected between treatments for the number of fruits harvested 30 days after pollination. It was shown that the sesame plant presents a mixed-pollination system, because it can produce fruit whatever the type of pollination tested. Flowers are able to autopollinate and do not depend on external agents. Pollinations restricted with paper and tulle bags produced fruit with greater number of heavier seeds. It is concluded that sesame crop is able to autopollinate and benefit from both self-pollination and cross-pollination.
Highlights
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) belongs to the Family Pedaliacea, and some authors report that it is native to Asian and some African countries (BEDIGIAN, 2003; DESAI, 2004)
The experiments were developed from November to December 2008 and fruit were harvested in January 2009
The floral biology was studied in the following aspects: the flowering period, morphology and color of the flower, time of anthesis, flower longevity, period of stigma receptivity, number of stamens and anther characteristics
Summary
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) belongs to the Family Pedaliacea, and some authors report that it is native to Asian and some African countries (BEDIGIAN, 2003; DESAI, 2004). It is believed that sesame is one of the oldest crops in the world, cultivated for over 4,300 years in Babylon and Assyria (HWANG, 2005). Sesame is explored in 65 countries across Asia, Africa, Europe and Central and South America. Asia and Africa hold about 90% of the planted area (BELTRÃO; VIEIRA, 2001). The main producing countries are Egypt, Central Africa, Israel, Peru, Saudi Arabia and Macedonia. The current world production is estimated at 7,725,706 tons, with yield of 390 kg ha-1, being the ninth most cultivated oilseed crop in the world
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