<b>Examining the Relationships between Smartphone Addiction and Psychological Resilience in Adolescents</b>

Introduction: Technological developments have increased the usage of mobile equipment. Using a smartphone became a part of life and accentuated its usage day aftr day especially in adolescent groups. Aim: The study was aimed to examine the relationship between sleep quality and smartphone addiction of adolescents. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 1192 high school students between March and June 2019. Data were collected with the Personal Information Form, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Smartphone Addiction Scale. The data were evaluated through percentile distributions, means, independent samples t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analyses. Results: The mean age of adolescents was determined to be 15.79 ± 0.96, with the mean total score of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index was 6.05 ± 3.04 and the Smartphone Addiction Scale was 36.01 ± 10.82. Statistically signifiant diffrences were observed among adolescents concerning gender, grade, daily smartphone usage duration, internet accessibility, and the use of smartphones before bedtime, impacting both sleep quality and smartphone addiction (p < 0.05). A positive and meaningful correlation was found between sleep quality and smartphone addiction in adolescents (p < 0.05). Conclusion: As the smartphone addiction increases, sleep quality decreases. Adequate sleep is crucial during the growth spurt period. It is evaluated that early diagnosis and prevention of smartphone addiction in adolescents could make a signifiant contribution to the protection and promotion of adolescent health.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between social media and smartphone addiction in adolescents and their parents’ neglectful behaviors in the pandemic. The main problem of the research is to examine whether the increasing socialization and intimacy needs of adolescents during the pandemic period are an important factor in the emergence of social media and smartphone addiction due to their parents' inability to adequately meet these needs and neglecting their children, especially in terms of supervision. The study group consisted of 280 adolescents aged between 11-14 attending secondary schools in the city center of Ankara, Türkiye and their parents. In terms of the data gathering instruments, an Individual Information Form was administered to both the children and parents for the purpose of gathering socio-demographic data. In addition, adolescents were administered Smartphone Addiction Scale for the purpose of assessing their smartphone addiction levels along with Social Media Addiction Scale for the purpose of assessing their social media addiction levels. On the other hand, the Multidimensional Neglectful Behaviors Scale was administered to the parents in order to assess the level of their neglectful behaviors. As a result, 86.5% (n=218) of adolescents stated that their smartphone use and 78.5% (n=204) stated that their social media use increased during the pandemic period. When the smart phone and social media addiction status of adolescents were compared according to the level of neglect by their parents, it was determined that the neglect scores of adolescents with addiction level-smart phone and -social media use were significantly higher. In addition, it was found that parental neglect levels were positively associated with both smart phone addiction and social media addiction in adolescents, and there was a positive relationship between smart phone addiction and social media addiction in adolescents. The findings were discussed in line with the related literature.

BackgroundProblematic smartphone use is a prevalent issue addressed in this study. The research delves into factors associated with problematic smartphone use, employing the self-determination theory. Specifically, the study analyzes the relationship between parental psychological control and problematic smartphone use and investigates psychological reactance as a mediating factor. Moreover, psychological resilience is considered a moderating factor in the relationship between parental psychological control and problematic smartphone use, based on the diathesis-stress model and cognitive model of resilience.MethodsA total of 1300 (M = 14.22, SD = 1.29) Chinese adolescents were surveyed in a cross-sectional study. They completed self-report questionnaires including the Parental Psychological Control Questionnaire, the Smartphone Addiction Scale, the Psychological Resistance Scale, and the Adolescent Resilience Scale. A moderated mediation model was examined to test predictions.ResultsCorrelation analysis reveals a positive correlation between parental psychological control, psychological reactance, and problematic smartphone use, and a negative correlation with psychological resilience. Moderation mediation analysis demonstrates that psychological resilience diminishes the direct association between parental psychological control, psychological reactance, and problematic smartphone use, thereby mitigating their relationship.ConclusionsThe findings support the moderation mediation model, indicating that psychological resilience plays a crucial role in safeguarding adolescents from the adverse effects of problematic smartphone use induced by parental psychological control.

Objective: To determine the frequency of smartphone addiction and poor sleep in high school adolescents and to evaluate the relationship between phone addiction and sleep, together with demographic characteristics. Methods: A face-to-face survey was applied to 730 high school students in the Kahta district of Adıyaman, Turkey, between November 2021 and January 2022. The Smartphone Addiction Inventory-Short Form (SPAI-SF) was used to assess smartphone addiction, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. Results: The rate of smartphone addiction in adolescents was 41%, and poor sleep quality was 61%. When smartphone addiction increases, sleep quality decreases, and when sleep quality decreases smartphone addiction increases. Smartphone addiction and poor sleep quality were higher in girls compared to boys. As the parents’ education level and family income increase, the level of addiction increases, but sleep quality remain the same. We found that as age increases, the risk of smartphone addiction and the risk of deterioration in sleep quality increase. Conclusion: Smartphone addiction and poor sleep quality trigger each other in a vicious circle. The COVID-19 pandemic may have made smartphone addiction the most common addiction in the world. This addiction can increase the risk of substance addiction by impairing the quality of sleep in adolescents and lead to many physical, social, and mental problems. A multidisciplinary approach is vital for solving the problem.

Sexual Function and Problematic Use of Smartphones and Social Networking Sites

The group at the highest risk of smartphone addiction is adolescents. In particular during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, factors such as conducting education online, curfew and the increase in the monotonous time spent at home have led to an increase in the use of smartphones among adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of the peer education model on reducing smartphone addiction in adolescents. The present semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test control group was carried out with 622 high school students in Turkey. The study was carried out between September 2021 and February 2022 in two stages. In the first stage, the peer educator education program on smartphone addiction in adolescents was implemented. In the second stage, the peer education program was implemented and monitored. While there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the mean scores they obtained from the Smartphone Addiction Scale at the pre-test (P > 0.05), the difference between them was statistically significant at the post-test (P < 0.001). This study demonstrated that the peer education model was effective in reducing smartphone addiction in adolescents. Thus, it can be recommended that school-based peer education programs for adolescents should be prepared and implemented.

Smartphone addiction is a major mental health problem that has risen recently. Students are particularly at risk for this addiction. This study examines the mediating role of psychological resilience between smartphone addiction and life satisfaction in university students. The study group consisted of 324 university students. Smartphone Addiction Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale and Psychological Resilience Scale were used as data collection instruments. As a result of the research, it was found that as the level of smartphone addiction among university students increased, their life satisfaction and psychological resilience decreased. In addition, psychological resilience was found to significantly mediate between smartphone addiction and life satisfaction. It is suggested that preventive mental health studies focusing on increasing psychological resilience will help to reduce smartphone addiction as well as increase life satisfaction.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between physical activity and mobile phone addiction in adolescents and further explore the mediating chain effect of psychological resilience and loneliness.Methods1,226 adolescents were investigated by an International physical activity questionnaire, mobile phone addiction scale, Psychological resilience scale, and Loneliness scale.ResultsThere were significant gender differences in adolescents psychological resilience and mobile phone addiction (p < 0.01). Physical activity was negatively correlated with mobile phone addiction (r = −0.21, p < 0.01) and loneliness (r = −0.22, p < 0.01), physical activity was positively correlated with psychological resilience (r = 0.42, p < 0.01), psychological resilience was negatively correlated with loneliness (r = −0.26, p < 0.01), respectively was negatively correlated with mobile phone addiction (r = −0.23, p < 0.01), and loneliness was positively correlated with mobile phone addiction (r = 0.32, p < 0.01). Psychological resilience had a significant mediating effect between physical activity and mobile phone addiction, loneliness had a significant mediating effect between physical activity and mobile phone addiction, and psychological resilience and loneliness had a significant chain mediating effect between moderate and high physical activity and mobile phone addiction.Conclusion(1) Physical activity positively predicts phone addiction; (2) Physical activity can not only directly affect mobile phone addiction but also affect mobile phone addiction through the mediating effects of psychological resilience and loneliness respectively; (3) Physical activity can also influence mobile phone addiction through the chain mediating effect of psychological resilience and loneliness. These findings can be directly applied by integrating structured physical activity programs into school schedules to enhance adolescents’ psychological resilience against addictive behaviors.

BackgroundParental phubbing refers to the degree to which parents reduce or ignore their interactions with their children while taking care of their smartphones. Today, it has become important to conduct studies to understand the effects of parental phubbing on adolescents, which is increasing globally. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between perceived parental phubbing and smartphone addiction as well as depression in adolescents.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 314 adolescents aged 10-18 years who applied to the general pediatrics outpatient clinics of a university hospital in Ankara, the capital of Türkiye, were included. The questionnaire form used for data collection consisted of questions about the sociodemographic information of the participants, ‘Perceived Parental Phubbing Scale’, ‘Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale Short Form’, and ‘Smartphone Addiction Short Form for Adolescents’ items. Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis H test and Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyse the data. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsDepression and smartphone addiction levels were found to be significantly lower in adolescents who did not smoke, engaged in regular physical activity and had a close group of friends (p < 0.05). It was also found that the level of perceived parental phubbing was significantly higher in adolescents whose parents’ education level was above high school and who felt lonely (p < 0.05). Low level positive correlations was found between perceived parental phubbing and both depression (r = 0.116, p = 0.041) and smartphone addiction (r = 0.128, p = 0.023).ConclusionsAs the level of parental phubbing perceived by adolescents increased, the levels of depression and smartphone addiction in adolescents increased. These negative effects of parental phubbing on adolescents should be taken into consideration by mental health professionals.Key messages• It is important to consider and question parental phubbing as one of the related factors in adolescents with high levels of smartphone addiction and depression.• There is a need for studies to increase the awareness of parents, who are important role models for adolescents, about the concept of phubbing and its effects on adolescents’ mental health.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yetişkinlerde akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ile psikolojik belirtiler arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde yaşayan yetişkinler arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemi ölçüt örnekleme yöntemine göre seçilen %64,1'i (n=302) kadın, %35,9'u (n=169) erkek olmak üzere 471 yetişkin bireyden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Kısa Semptom Envanteri, Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ve sosyo-demografik bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde frekans dağılımı, yüzdelik hesaplaması, ANOVA, Pearson Momentler Çarpımı korelasyon testi ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi .05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda akıllı telefon bağımlılığı düzeyi ile psikolojik belirtiler alt boyutları olan anksiyete, depresyon, olumsuz benlik, somatizasyon ve öfke/saldırganlık arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde istatistiksel anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır. Akıllı telefonunun kullanım amacına göre akıllı telefon bağımlılık düzeyinde ve psikolojik belirtilerde anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır. Psikolojik belirtilerden öfke/saldırganlığın akıllı telefon bağımlılığı üzerinde anlamlı bir yordayıcı olduğu bulunmuştur. Araştırma bulguları ilgili alan yazın çerçevesinde tartışılmış ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of mobile phone addiction campus-based physical activity among college students, examining the mediating role of rest intolerance and the moderating role of psychological resilience. A stratified cluster sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire survey among 24,345 college students. Measurements were taken using the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS), the Rest Intolerance Scale (RIS-8), the Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale, and the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3). Data analysis was conducted through SPSS 27.0 and the Process macro plugin, and a bias-corrected Bootstrap method was used for 5,000 repeated samplings to test the moderated mediation model. Mobile phone addiction showed a significant negative predictive effect on campus-based physical activity (β = -0.288, p < 0.05). Rest intolerance emerged as a significant partial mediating role between mobile phone addiction and campus-based physical activity, with a mediation effect value of 0.203(95%CI [0.124,0.282]). Psychological resilience significantly moderated the path from rest intolerance to campus-based physical activity (interaction term β = -0.003, p < 0.001). The results of the moderated mediation analysis indicated that, under conditions of low psychological resilience, the indirect effect of mobile phone addiction on campus-based physical activity transmitted through rest intolerance was significant (effect = 0.300). As the level of psychological resilience increased, this indirect effect weakened and became no longer significant at high levels of psychological resilience. Mobile phone addiction is directly negatively associated with college students' participation in campus-based physical activity but also shows indirect associations through increased rest intolerance. Psychological resilience serves as a key protective factor that buffers this negative impact. The findings suggest that enhancing psychological resilience and improving the management of phone-related rest intolerance may effectively promote their engagement in physical activity.

Background: We sought to examine the relationship between smartphone addiction and coping skills in adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), together with potential predictive factors. Method: Two hundred seventy-five participants (144 diagnosed with ADHD and 131 healthy controls) were included in the study. All participants were evaluated via DSM-5-based psychiatric examinations. Smartphone addiction levels were assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and coping skills were evaluated using the Coping Scale for Children and Youth (CSCY). The scores were then subjected to statistical comparisons. Results: Higher SAS-SV scores were observed in the adolescents with ADHD compared to the control group (p = 0.047). Significant positive correlations were found between cognitive avoidance (CAV) (p < 0.001, r = 0.377) and behavioural avoidance (BAV) (p < 0.001, r = 0.297) in the ADHD group. In contrast, significant negative correlations were found with Problem-solving (PROB) (p = 0.001, r = -0 .281) and assistance-seeking (ASK) (p = 0.013, r = -0.206). Following model analysis, CAV emerged as a significant positive predictor of SAS-SV scores, and PROB as a significant negative predictor (p =0.005 and p = 0.016, respectively). Conclusions: The decrease in coping skills in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD was associated with an increase in smartphone addiction. Additionally, increased cognitive avoidance and low problem-solving skills also predicted addiction.

The aim of this study is to examine the feeling of being stuck and phone addiction levels of student participants in Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Sport Sciences. The study group of the research consists of 97 female and 193 male students from Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Sport Sciences. Personal information form prepared by the researcher, Smartphone Addiction scale and Feeling Stuck scale were used as data collection tools in the research.SPSS 25.0 package program was used in the analysis of the data. Independent T test was used for pairwise comparisons, one of the parametric tests for normally distributed values, and One Way Anova test was used for more than two encounters. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis was used. A significant difference was found in the comparison of smartphone addiction scores between genders (p&amp;lt;0.05). In addition, it was found that there was a positive and significant correlation between the participants' feelings of stuckness scores and their smartphone addiction scores (p=0.01). According to the results, female students have a higher prevalence of smartphone addiction compared to males. Additionally, the study found that smartphone addiction exacerbates the feeling of being "stuck" often associated with depression.

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a major health problem worldwide. In addition to the physical effects of COVID-19 on individuals, it has caused psychological and social problems on individuals. One of these problems is related to feelings of loneliness they experienced during the pandemic process and the increase in aggression and smartphone addiction levels, which are thought to be related. The main goal of current research is to explore the effects of loneliness and aggression behaviors on smartphone addiction. The data of the study were obtained from 843 university students (565 female and 278 male; 17-54 age range) who voluntarily participated in the research from 68 of 81 provinces in Turkey. Research data were obtained based on participants' self-reports through an online questionnaire. Personal information form, Smartphone Addiction Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire were used as data collection tools. Research findings show that the feeling of loneliness affects aggression behaviors and smartphone addiction, and aggression behaviors also affect smartphone addiction. Therefore, it can be said that loneliness and aggression are variables in predicting university students' smartphone addiction.

The purpose of this study is to examine the smartphone addiction levels among university students. For this purpose, first of all, students' addiction levels were determined, and then it was examined whether these levels differed according to the gender of the students, the purpose of using the internet on the smartphone, and the usage times of smartphones. The causal comparison method was used in the research as a quantitative research method and the sampling of the research consisted of 435 students studying in the Faculty of Theology at Ondokuz Mayıs University and who were determined by the accessible sampling method. In order to determine the smartphone addiction levels of university students, the data was obtained with the Smartphone Addiction Scale. Descriptive statistics, the independent samples t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the obtained data. The results of the research showed that students studying in the Faculty of Theology had low levels of smartphone addiction, male students had higher levels of smartphone addiction compared to female students, the use of social media via smartphones increased the risk of addiction, and that students with a higher average daily smartphone usage also had higher levels of addiction.