Low-Salinity Polymer Flood for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Low-Permeability Carbonates

Abstract

Summary Low-salinity waterflooding and brine ion modification, in general, can improve displacement efficiency in initially oil-wet reservoirs if it can alter wettability, but it is often a slow process. Polymer flooding usually does not improve displacement efficiency (without significant viscoelasticity) but enhances sweep efficiency. The main objective of this work is to study the synergy between ion modification and polymer flooding for low-permeability carbonate rocks. High-salinity high-temperature reservoirs often need a sulfonated polymer for thermal stability in the high-salinity brine, but a low-salinity water (LSW) injection at that temperature can use a common hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) polymer. The second objective of this study is to compare the performance of these two polymer injections. With the proper preparation method, two polymers (HPAM and AN132) with the molecular weight of approximately 6 MDa were successfully injected into the oil-aged carbonate rocks with the absolute permeability of 10–20 md. A low-salinity polymer (LSP) flood was carried out using HPAM prepared in diluted seawater (with added sulfate concentrations). High-salinity polymer (HSP) floods increased the oil recovery in tight cores by 4–5% original oil in place (OOIP) due to higher pressure gradient. Low-salinity corefloods (with added sulfate ions) produced little incremental oil in a few pore volumes (PVs) of injection, but the combination of sulfated low-salinity brine and polymer improved the oil recovery by 8–10% OOIP in less than 1.5 PV. It is shown for the first time that the low-salinity brine with additional sulfate and negatively charged HPAM polymer changed the wettability of the originally oil-wet carbonate rock to water-wet. The synergy between polymer and wettability alteration can recover oil from bypassed pores and shorten the time for oil recovery.