Low-resistance local components design method based on topology optimization: A case study of a duct tee

Abstract

The widespread local components in ventilation and air conditioning systems lead to severe energy losses and resistance effects during system operation. In this study, a method based on an improved topology optimization method for the low-resistance design of local components is proposed, and a modified Brinkman equation based on the topology optimization method is given by considering the inertia effect in flows with a high Reynolds number (Re > 2300). A tee is an important local component for airflow branching and conversion in ventilation and air conditioning systems, which has complex flow resistance characteristics. In this study, the duct tee is used as an optimization case, and the flow path layout of the tee is successfully obtained with the improved topology optimization technique. The flow resistance characteristics and resistance reduction mechanism of the topological tee are verified and analyzed by numerical simulation method, full-scale experimental verification, and the energy dissipation. The results show that the resistance reduction rate is 17–165% in the straight direction and -19-118% in the branch direction at different flow ratios. The curved form of the topological tee wall significantly weakens the fluid deformation and reduces energy dissipation in the flow process. Previous design optimization problems have focused on low Reynolds number flow, while high Reynolds number flow is widely available in the engineering field. This study extends the Reynolds number to 2300, which provides an effective method and direction to guide the optimal design of low-resistance local components in the engineering field.