Abstract
Any infectious illness of the upper or lower respiratory tract is classified as a respiratory tract infection (RTI). Acute bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and tracheitis are examples of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). The most prevalent cause of death from lower respiratory infections is pneumococcal pneumonia. Pneumonia is a major cause of death globally. new advances in pneumonia diagnosis and treatment have been made, identification of new pathogens as well as the development of newer therapeutic agents like fluoroquinolones, macrolides, streptogramins, oxazolidinones, and –actam antibiotics. Despite these advancements, respiratory tract infections continue to be a challenge in both the diagnostic and therapeutic domains. Because detecting and treating pneumonia may be difficult, a number of professional organizations have created treatment recommendations. In this review we’ll be looking at LRTIs and pneumonia epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment.
Highlights
Any infectious illness of the upper or lower respiratory tract is classified as a respiratory tract infection (RTI)
Antibiotics are frequently administered for RTIs in adults and children
Individuals with pneumonia had a higher rate of bacterial infection (33 percent versus 17 percent), but non-pneumonic patients had a higher rate of viral infection (26 percent versus 13 percent)
Summary
Any infectious illness of the upper or lower respiratory tract is classified as a respiratory tract infection (RTI). New diagnostic tools such as nucleic acid amplification techniques and antigen detection technologies give promise that diagnosis speed and accuracy will increase, as will therapeutic efficacy. Despite these advancements, respiratory tract infections continue to be a challenge in both the diagnostic and therapeutic domains. [2] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are the third and fourth most prevalent causes of mortality, respectively, after ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular illness, according to the Global Burden of Disease 2015 report. Improved epidemiologic data aids in the detection of new infections, drug-resistant organisms, and trends It aids in the reduction of antibiotic misuse [2]. Antibiotic prescription varies widely across Europe and the United Kingdom, with little evidence that this is linked to differences in illness spectrum or complication rates [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
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