Abstract
Biodisinfection using fresh sheep manure in August is effective in controlling Phytophthora root rot in greenhouses in southeast Spain, but this is not the case after the beginning of September. The effectiveness of biodisinfection of new amendments has been evaluated beginning in October in sweet pepper greenhouses to control Phytophthora capsici. The amendments used were: T1: wheat husk + fresh sheep manure (FSM), 3.5 kg m−2; T2: sunflower pellets 3.5 kg m−2; T3: FSM: 3.5 kg m−2; T4: Control. Temperatures above 40°C were obtained in some amendments; anoxic conditions were found in all amendments, and also a reduction of the viability of P. capsici oospores with respect to the control, as well as a higher yield. The contribution of fresh sheep manure to the amendments did not lead to an improvement in their effectiveness. Autumn biodisinfection under low temperature conditions using fresh organic amendments that enhance soil anaerobic conditions may be a promising strategy for the control of P. capsici in pepper greenhouses in southeastern Spain.
Highlights
Greenhouses of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in southeast Spain suffer from serious economic losses caused by the oomycetes Phytophthora capsici and P. nicotianae, which contaminate most of the region’s soils (Lacasa et al, 2013)
The temperatures obtained during the biodisinfection carried out in October with the amendments of wheat husk+fresh sheep manure, sunflower pellets, and fresh sheep manure exceeded 38◦C in the first season, varying between 51 and 57 h, but no in the second
At both seasons soil temperatures accumulated in October during the biodisinfection in the greenhouse were considerably lower than those obtained for the month of August in the same zone (Guerrero et al, 2019)
Summary
Greenhouses of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in southeast Spain suffer from serious economic losses caused by the oomycetes Phytophthora capsici and P. nicotianae, which contaminate most of the region’s soils (Lacasa et al, 2013). Both of these oomycetes limit the crop, leading to important losses in plants and harvests if preventive measures are not adopted before planting (Lacasa et al, 2010; Guerrero et al, 2013). The previous soil phytopathological problems are both caused by the repeated growing of pepper crops in the same soil for over 30 years (Guerrero et al, 2014)
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