Abstract
BackgroundUric acid (UA) plays a protective role in Parkinson’s disease (PD). To date, studies on the relationship between serum UA levels and nonmotor symptoms and brain gray matter volume in PD patients have been rare.MethodsAutomated enzymatic analysis was used to determine serum UA levels in 68 healthy controls and 88 PD patients, including those at the early (n = 56) and middle-late (n = 32) stages of the disease. Evaluation of motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms in PD patients was assessed by the associated scales. Image acquisition was performed using a Siemens MAGNETOM Prisma 3 T MRI scanner.ResultsSerum UA levels in early stage PD patients were lower than those in healthy controls, and serum UA levels in the middle-late stage PD patients were lower than those in the early stage PD patients. Serum UA levels were significantly negatively correlated with the disease course, dysphagia, anxiety, depression, apathy, and cognitive dysfunction. ROC assessment confirmed that serum UA levels had good predictive accuracy for PD with dysphagia, anxiety, depression, apathy, and cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, UA levels were significantly positively correlated with gray matter volume in whole brain.ConclusionsThis study shows that serum UA levels were correlated with the nonmotor symptoms of dysphagia, anxiety, depression, apathy, and cognitive dysfunction and the whole-brain gray matter volume. That is the first report examining the relationships between serum UA and clinical manifestations and imaging features in PD patients.
Highlights
Parkinson’s disease (PD), which has a prevalence rate of 5.42/1000 people, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that involves multiple neurotransmitter pathways [1, 2].A diagnosis of PD depends on the presence of motor symptoms, including bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor [3]
Multiple groups of data consistent with a normal distribution and homogeneity of variance were compared by one-way analysis of variance, and post hoc LSD t-tests were used to further compare differences in serum Uric acid (UA) levels between the control group and the early stage and middle-late stage PD groups
Data that did not have a normal distribution are expressed as medians, and the Mann–Whitney U test was used for comparisons
Summary
Parkinson’s disease (PD), which has a prevalence rate of 5.42/1000 people, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that involves multiple neurotransmitter pathways [1, 2].A diagnosis of PD depends on the presence of motor symptoms, including bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor [3]. VBM is a mature method for the evaluation of brain gray matter (GM) and white matter lesions that quantitatively calculates and analyzes the density and volume in the target area of an MRI image, reflecting the differences in the corresponding anatomical structures. Studies on the relationship between serum UA levels and nonmotor symptoms and brain gray matter volume in PD patients have been rare. Methods Automated enzymatic analysis was used to determine serum UA levels in 68 healthy controls and 88 PD patients, including those at the early (n = 56) and middle-late (n = 32) stages of the disease. Serum UA levels were significantly negatively correlated with the disease course, dysphagia, anxiety, depression, apathy, and cognitive dysfunction. Conclusions This study shows that serum UA levels were correlated with the nonmotor symptoms of dysphagia, anxiety, depression, apathy, and cognitive dysfunction and the whole-brain gray matter volume. That is the first report examining the relationships between serum UA and clinical manifestations and imaging features in PD patients
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