Abstract
Voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is one of the key components required for the wireless communication systems. In this paper a low power, low phase noise 3-stage differential ring VCO is designed for passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) transponders in microwave frequency range that is compatible with Zigbee, IEEE 802.11 b/g and Bluetooth protocols. 90 nm CMOS technology is adopted and the simulations of the designed VCO is performed in Cadence virtuoso environment. Simulation results show that it has wide tuning range from 1.04 GHz to 4.21 GHz (120.7%) and the power consumption is 2.27 mW at 2.45 GHz. The oscillator has a phase noise from -92.01 dBc/Hz to -86.90 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency. At 2.45 GHz oscillation frequency the figure-of-merit (FOM) has a value of –153.35 dBc/Hz. Additionally, to assess the VCO in diversified environments process corner analysis, temperature sweeping, Monte Carlo analysis and stability analysis has been performed. Although the proposed VCO is designed for passive RFID tags, the architecture is suitable for many other wireless applications for microwave frequency.
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