Abstract
A Y-junction circulator based on empty substrate integrated coaxial line (ESICL) technology is proposed in this paper. As ESICL is a novel transmission line, many of the common waveguide devices have not yet been developed in this technology, i.e., only filters, a power divider, a 90° hybrid directional coupler or transition structures have been presented but no nonreciprocal devices. In this paper, a ferrite-based circulator has been designed and fabricated to operate at a central frequency of 12 GHz. Measurements performed with the help of an electromagnet confirms the stability of the circulator response under different DC biasing fields. Also, measurements with magnets have been done to integrate the circulator in communication systems. In addition, different temperature tests from 20° C to 90°C have been carried out with the aim of checking the scattering parameters variations. The experimental results confirm the results obtained by the full wave simulations: insertion loss better than -1 dB isolation and return loss below -10 dB from 10 to 14 GHz.
Highlights
Microwave circulators are passive electronic non-reciprocal devices with three or more ports where the energy is supplied to a port and routed to the one in a defined direction, using the specific properties of magnetized ferrites
There is a great interest in incorporating components manufactured in planar technologies into communications systems. This is because these devices are easy to manufacture and low cost since they are made from printed circuit boards (PCBs)
The first waveguide integrated with this type of boards was the Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) [13], where the wave propagates through the dielectric substrate of the PCB
Summary
Microwave circulators are passive electronic non-reciprocal devices with three or more ports where the energy is supplied to a port and routed to the one in a defined direction, using the specific properties of magnetized ferrites (the ferrite is placed at the center of Y-junction). INDEX TERMS Empty substrate integrated coaxial line (ESICL), non-reciprocal device, ferrite, Y-junction circulator.
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