Low levels of mindfulness in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit.

The purpose of this study was to find out what differences there are in school counseling expectations depending on the presence or absence of counseling experience and mindfulness level of students by type of high school. For this purpose, 492 students(246 general high school students, 246 specialized high school students) in J City were surveyed using the Mindfulness Scale and Counseling Expectations Questionnaire, and the major findings are as follows. First, there was no significant difference in school counseling expectations, but there was a significant difference in mindfulness according to counseling experience. Second, the mindfulness of the group without counseling experience was significantly higher than that of the group with counseling experience for both general and specialized high school students. Third, in the case of general high school students, students with high levels of mindfulness showed significantly higher scores in the total score and all sub-factor scores of school counseling expectations than students with low levels of mindfulness, whereas students in specialized high schools showed significantly higher scores in the total score of school counseling expectations as well as acceptability, confrontation, directiveness, and truthfulness, nurturing, professionalism, and concreteness subfactors. Fourth, in the case of general high school students, regardless of whether or not they had counseling experience, students with a high level of mindfulness were found to be significantly higher in the total score and all sub-factor scores of school counseling expectations than those with a low level of mindfulness. On the other hand, for students at specialized high schools, there was no significant difference between students with high and low levels of mindfulness in the total school counseling expectation score and all sub-factor scores, regardless of whether or not they had counseling experience. These findings can be used as basic data to develop measures to improve mindfulness and improve school counseling expectations depending on the type of school.

Social anxiety is one of the mental health problems associated with perfectionism. The present study investigated the possible mediation of perceived stress in the relationship between perfectionism and social anxiety, and whether this mediation depends on the level of trait mindfulness. A total of 425 college students (female: 82.9%; mean age: M = 19.90 ± 1.06 years old) completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), the Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS), and the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). After controlling for age and gender, the moderated mediation analysis suggested that perfectionism significantly and positively predicted social anxiety and that perceived stress mediated the link between perfectionism and social anxiety. In addition, the indirect effect of perfectionism on social anxiety was moderated by trait mindfulness. Specifically, the indirect effect was weaker among the individuals with a high level of mindfulness compared to those with a low level of mindfulness. The findings of this study suggest that trait mindfulness significantly moderates the indirect effect of perfectionism on social anxiety via perceived stress.

Previous studies found an association between mindfulness and forgiveness. However, the effects of self-construal on this association are still unclear. In the present study, self-reported forgiveness and a behavioral measure of forgiveness were used to explore the moderating effect of self-construal plays between mindfulness and forgiveness among 126 participants recruited based on their mindfulness scores. Results showed that participants with high level of mindfulness in the interdependent self-construal condition reported greater forgiveness and gave more money donations towards transgressors than those in the independent self-construal condition, while there is no significant difference between interdependent and independent self-construal groups among participants with low level of mindfulness. These findings suggest that self-construal moderates the relationship between mindfulness and interpersonal forgiveness.

Mediator or moderator? The role of mindfulness in the association between child behavior problems and parental stress

Although the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has not been addressed to date, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is the gold-standard psychotherapy for GAD patients. The present study investigated effects of DBT versus CBT on emotion regulation and mindfulness in GAD patients. Conducted in Iran, 68 GAD patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: CBT or DBT. Assessment was performed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at 3 months follow-up. Evaluation included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (SCID-I), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Results of the present study showed that both groups had lower scores in depression, anxiety, and emotion dysregulation and higher scores in mindfulness after the interventions, and at follow-up. During the study period, the CBT group experienced greater reductions than the DBT group in symptoms of depression and anxiety, while the DBT group experienced greater improvements than the CBT group in emotion regulation and mindfulness. Findings seem to warrant the conclusion that, although CBT reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety more than DBT, DBT was more effective in improving emotion regulation and mindfulness than CBT. Findings of the study are of significance for psychotherapy and future studies of these treatments.

IntroductionAdult patients with epilepsy (PWE) have an 18% prevalence of comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared to a prevalence of 2%–5% in the general population. Recognition of this dual diagnosis is important since stimulant therapy is both safe and effective in this population.MethodsHere, we aim to determine if PWE have adequate documentation for comorbid ADHD when being admitted to the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU). A retrospective review was conducted at the Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center EMU for patients presenting between July 2017 and November 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I—patients without a documented ADHD diagnosis or ADHD medications and Group II—patients with a documented ADHD diagnosis and/or taking medications indicated specifically for ADHD.ResultsOf 524 individual patients who presented to the EMU, only 25 patients (4.8%) had documentation of a diagnosis of ADHD and/or ADHD medications (Group II). The proportion of patients in Group II did not significantly differ based on the EMU diagnosis. However, there was a significantly greater number of other psychiatric diagnoses (p = .005) and a greater number of psychiatric medications prescribed (p < .001) in patients in Group II.ConclusionOur study suggests that ADHD is underrecognized and underdiagnosed in patients presenting to the EMU, and screening tools may be useful to help clinicians address seizure comorbidities such as ADHD.

Introduction: Mental toughness is highly valued within competitive sport. However, scant attention has been paid to the psychological processes that underpin mental toughness.Objectives: To explore the relationship between mindfulness and mental toughness among provincial adolescent female hockey players.Methods: Provincial adolescent female hockey players (N=484) completed measures of mindfulness and mental toughness. Correlation coefficients were calculated with respect to mindfulness and mental toughness. A one-way between-groups analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine whether athletes assigned to four levels of mindfulness (high, moderate, medium and low) differed significantly with regard to mental toughness.Results: Mindfulness exhibited significant positive correlations with confidence, constancy and control, as well as with total mental toughness. The results of the ANOVA and the relevant post hoc analyses indicated that athletes in the high mindfulness group reported significantly higher levels of control and general mental toughness than those in the other three groups. The high mindfulness participants also reported significantly higher levels of constancy than those in the medium and low mindfulness groups. Conclusion: Mindfulness was positively correlated with all aspects of mental toughness investigated in this study. In addition, individuals with high levels of mindfulness reported higher control, constancy and general mental toughness than those with lower levels of mindfulness. Based on the current findings, the role of mindfulness in the development and maintenance of mental toughness among adolescent athletes warrants further investigation.

Introduction : Mental toughness is highly valued within competitive sport. However, scant attention has been paid to the psychological processes that underpin mental toughness. Objectives : To explore the relationship between mindfulness and mental toughness among provincial adolescent female hockey players. Methods : Provincial adolescent female hockey players (N=484) completed measures of mindfulness and mental toughness. Correlation coefficients were calculated with respect to mindfulness and mental toughness. A one-way between-groups analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine whether athletes assigned to four levels of mindfulness (high, moderate, medium and low) differed significantly with regard to mental toughness. Results : Mindfulness exhibited significant positive correlations with confidence, constancy and control, as well as with total mental toughness. The results of the ANOVA and the relevant post hoc analyses indicated that athletes in the high mindfulness group reported significantly higher levels of control and general mental toughness than those in the other three groups. The high mindfulness participants also reported significantly higher levels of constancy than those in the medium and low mindfulness groups. Conclusion : Mindfulness was positively correlated with all aspects of mental toughness investigated in this study. In addition, individuals with high levels of mindfulness reported higher control, constancy and general mental toughness than those with lower levels of mindfulness. Based on the current findings, the role of mindfulness in the development and maintenance of mental toughness among adolescent athletes warrants further investigation.

This study employed a network meta-analysis to compare the effects of multiple mindfulness-based interventions on stress and mindfulness levels among nursing students. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science for clinical randomized controlled trials evaluating mindfulness therapies for stress and mindfulness outcomes in nursing students. The search spanned from each database's inception to 28 February 2025. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane-recommended Risk of Bias tool. Analyses were performed using Stata 14.0 software. Eight articles, encompassing 744 participants, were incorporated into the analysis. Compared with acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy, mindfulness meditation and the control group were all effective in reducing stress scores among nursing students. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve values indicated the following ranking for the efficacy of reducing stress scores in nursing students: mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy > mindfulness meditation > control > acceptance and commitment therapy. Regarding the enhancement of mindfulness scores, mindfulness meditation demonstrated more significant improvement in nursing students' mindfulness scores than the control and acceptance and commitment therapy groups. Additionally, mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy led to greater increases in mindfulness scores compared with acceptance and commitment therapy. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve values suggested the following ranking for improving nursing students' mindfulness scores: mindfulness meditation > mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy > control > acceptance and commitment therapy. Mindfulness meditation might represent the optimal intervention. Nevertheless, considering the quality and methodological constraints associated with the included diverse interventions, findings require further validation to strengthen the robustness of the conclusions.

The main aim of this research was to examine the relationship between subjective well-being and mindfulness. That is, to examine whether there is a difference between primary school teachers with higher and lower levels of intrinsic motivation in relation to these variables. The research was done on a convenient sample of 280 female teachers from different schools in the R. N. Macedonia. Three instruments were used: MAAS: Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (Brown &amp; Ryan, 2003), PERMA Profiler (Butler &amp; Kern, 2016), and Aspirations Index (Kasser &amp; Ryan, 1996). The results of the study showed that, as individual factors, mindfulness and intrinsic motivation have an effect on subjective well-being. The joint effect of the two factors was not confirmed. Subjective well-being was found to be higher in teachers with low levels of intrinsic motivation and high levels of mindfulness, compared to those with low levels of intrinsic motivation and low levels of mindfulness. A difference in subjective well-being was not confirmed for teachers with a high level of intrinsic motivation and different levels of mindfulness.

Trait mindfulness and protective strategies for alcohol use: Implications for college student drinking

BackgroundAlthough higher rates of burnout have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic, the contribution of the modifiable factors is lesser-known. We investigated how the risk of emotional exhaustion was associated with mindfulness skills and social support in a single medical center in Japan.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional web survey on mental health for all staff of a national medical hospital from February to March 2021. We examined the association between self-rated emotional exhaustion and levels of mindfulness and social support using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsOf the 830 participants, signs of emotional exhaustion were observed in 261 (31%) individuals. Among those highly exposed to the virus at work, individuals with low levels of mindfulness and social support had significantly higher odds of emotional exhaustion [OR 3.46 (95% CI; 1.48–8.09), OR; 3.08 (95% CI; 1.33–7.13), respectively] compared to those with high levels. However, among those not highly exposed to the virus, individuals with both low and moderate levels of mindfulness had significantly higher odds of emotional exhaustion. [OR 3.33 (95% CI; 2.22–5.00), OR; 2.61 (95% CI; 1.73–3.94), respectively].ConclusionWe found that factors associated with emotional exhaustion differed by exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Building mindfulness skills can help reduce the high burden placed on the staff. Additionally, increasing social support may be useful especially for workers highly exposed to SARS-CoV-2.

This study explored facets of mindfulness between patients diagnosed with a gambling disorder (n = 26) and a community sample of non-gambling-disordered individuals (n = 33). Multivariate statistics comparing group differences showed the gambling-disordered patients exhibited significantly lower levels of mindfulness, emotional regulation, stress coping, and impulse control compared to the non-gambling-disordered group. Overall, gambling severity was negatively associated with higher levels of mindfulness and positively linked to indices of emotional dysregulation, stress proneness, and impulsivity. Correlations between mindfulness and emotional dysregulation and impulsivity were much stronger than those between mindfulness and the severity of disordered gambling behaviors as measured by the National Opinion Research Center DSM Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS). These findings are discussed in the context of possible implications for future directions in exploring mindfulness-based interventions as a plausible intervention among those with gambling disorders.

The present study investigated the possible mediation of resilience in the relationship between childhood trauma and negative emotional symptoms (depression, anxiety, and stress) and whether this mediation depends on the levels of trait mindfulness. A total of 629 college students (female: 189, 30.0%; age: M= 18.43, SD = .90) completed the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), the Connor–Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC), and the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS) at baseline assessment (T1), and completed the depression anxiety stress scale (DASS) three months later (T2). After controlling for age and gender, the moderated mediation analysis with longitudinal data suggested that resilience mediated the link between childhood trauma and negative emotional symptoms, and the indirect effect of childhood trauma on negative emotional symptoms was moderated by trait mindfulness. Specifically, the indirect effect was weaker among individuals with a high level of mindfulness compared to those with a low level of mindfulness. The findings suggested that trait mindfulness significantly influenced the indirect effect of childhood trauma on negative emotional symptoms via resilience. However, when the model was analyzed for males and females, respectively, the results suggested that the moderated mediating effects were only found for males, but not for females.

Electroencephalography with video monitoring (VEEG) is considered the gold standard for differentiating epileptic from non-epileptic events. The standardization of length of hospital stay (LOS) in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) setting is challenging due to the paroxysmal nature of seizures. This study evaluates the factors contributing to the LOS and days of VEEG recording with the EMU final diagnosis and plan. A retrospective study was conducted on inpatients admitted to the EMU, at a tertiary center from January to December 2016. All consecutive patients admitted to EMU during the study period were included. A total of 160 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 21.10 years (SD 13.33). Upon discharge, most of the patients were diagnosed with epileptic seizures, of whom 91 (56.9%) had focal seizures, and 30 (18.8%) had generalized epilepsy. Patient who stayed in the EMU>12 days required 6-10 days of VEEG recording to reach the diagnosis. Patients who had the surgical plan as a discharge diagnosis were significant to have a prolonged length of stay>12 days. Six to ten days of EEG recording were significant to diagnose focal seizures in 44 (60.3%). Patients were concluded to have a surgical plan (resective surgery), focal seizures and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as a comorbidity are all significantly associated with a prolonged length of stay. Our findings suggest that factors affecting the length of hospital stay or period of EEG recording during the admission should be considered when planning EMU admissions.