Abstract
BackgroundSince taurine (T) administration was proven to decrease blood pressure (BP) and stroke mortality in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertension rates (SHRSP) in the 1980’s and our WHO-coordinated CARDIAC (Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison) Study demonstrated that among 5 diet-related factors, namely total cholesterol (T-Cho), body mass index (BMI), sodium (Na), magnesium (M), and T to creatinine (Cr) ratio in 24-hour urine (24U), both T/Cr and M/Cr were inversely related to coronary heart disease mortalities in males and females and T/Cr was inversely related to stroke mortalities in males and females. We further analyzed the associations of individual T/Cr and M/Cr levels to cardiovascular risks in the present study.MethodFrom WHO-CARDIAC Study populations, 61 populations of 25 countries in the world, Japanese populations with obviously higher 24U T excretion because of their common fish eating custom and the other populations in which both data of T and M were not available were excluded and the data of 3960 individuals from 41 WHO-CARDIAC Study populations were used for the following analyses.ResultsThe means of 24U T/Cr and M/Cr ratios in total individual data were 639.4 and 82.8, respectively. The average of BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), T-Cho and atherogenic index (AI) in the individuals with more than the means of T/Cr or M/Cr were significantly lower than those of individuals with less than the means. The CARDIAC Study participants were divided into the following 4 groups by these means: A (T/Cr and M/Cr ≧ mean), B (T/Cr ≧ mean, M/Cr < mean), C (T/Cr < mean, M/Cr ≧ mean), D (T/Cr and M/Cr < mean). The group A showed significantly lower values compared with the group D in BMI, SBP, DBP, T-Cho, and AI.ConclusionsCardiovascular risks were proven to be highly significantly lower in individuals who were excreting both 24U T and M, more than the averages despite differences in ethnicity and genetic background. Since T and M are biomarkers for seafood, vegetables, soy, nuts, milk, etc., dietary custom to eat these food sources could be recommended for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Highlights
Since taurine (T) administration was proven to decrease blood pressure (BP) and stroke mortality in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertension rates (SHRSP) in the 1980’s and our WHO-coordinated CARDIAC (Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison) Study demonstrated that among 5 diet-related factors, namely total cholesterol (T-Cho), body mass index (BMI), sodium (Na), magnesium (M), and T to creatinine (Cr) ratio in 24-hour urine (24U), both T/Cr and M/Cr were inversely related to coronary heart disease mortalities in males and females and T/Cr was inversely related to stroke mortalities in males and females
The health examinations for CARDIAC Study were carried out for about 200 in the total of males and females aged 48-56-years randomly selected according to CARDIAC Study protocol; height, weight and BP measured by using an automated BP measurement system were recorded, and fasting blood was collected for measuring total serum cholesterol (T-Cho) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL) to calculate atherogenic index (AI: T-Cho/HDL). 24U samples were collected by using aliquot cups to measure biomarkers of dietary intakes of sodium (Na), potassium (K), T, M, and creatinine (Cr)
Group A (T/Cr, M/Cr ≧ means) showed the lowest risks among four groups and showed highly significant differences compared with group D in the mean values of BMI (23.81 ± 0.18 vs. 26.15 ± 0.11kg/m2, p < 0.001), SBP (121.12 ± 0.88 vs. 125.81 ± 0.50 mmHg, p < 0.001), DBP (71.16 ± 0.53 vs. 76.35 ± 0.31 mmHg, p < 0.001), T-Cho (186.85 ± 2.02 vs. 197.96 ± 1.29 mg/ dl, p < 0.001), AI (5.63 ± 0.14 vs. 7.87 ± 0.11, p < 0.001)
Summary
Since taurine (T) administration was proven to decrease blood pressure (BP) and stroke mortality in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertension rates (SHRSP) in the 1980’s and our WHO-coordinated CARDIAC (Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison) Study demonstrated that among 5 diet-related factors, namely total cholesterol (T-Cho), body mass index (BMI), sodium (Na), magnesium (M), and T to creatinine (Cr) ratio in 24-hour urine (24U), both T/Cr and M/Cr were inversely related to coronary heart disease mortalities in males and females and T/Cr was inversely related to stroke mortalities in males and females. On the other hand, when the correlation of 24U magnesium (M) excretion and the blood pressure (BP) was analyzed, M showed inverse correlations with both systolic and diastolic BP’s [4]. These investigations suggested that the risk of the CVD differed in different populations and could be influenced greatly by such environmental factors as dietary customs, lifestyles and temperature. The influence on CVD risks of the dietary factors was analyzed by examining the associations of 24U T and M excretions of individual participants with their own CVD risks disregarding their genetic backgrounds, living conditions and genders in the combined CARDIAC Study population samples
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