Abstract
The civil construction industry consumes huge amounts of raw materials and energy, especially infrastructure. Thus, the use of eco-friendly materials is indispensable to promote sustainable development. In this context, the present work investigated low-carbon concrete to produce eco-friendly paving blocks. The binder was defined according to two approaches. In the first, a binary binder developed with eucalyptus biomass ash (EBA) and silica fume (SF) was used, in total replacement for Portland cement. In the second, the mixture of residues was used as a precursor in alkali-activation reactions, forming alkali-activated binder. The experimental approach was carried out using five different mixtures, obtained by varying the amount of water or sodium hydroxide solution. The characterization of this new material was carried out using compressive strength, expandability, water absorption, deep abrasion, microstructural investigation, and organic matter degradation potential. The results showed that the EBA-SF system has a performance compatible with Portland cement when used as an alternative binder, in addition to functioning as a precursor to alkali-activated concrete. The blocks produced degraded organic matter, and this degradation is more intense with the incidence of UV. In this way, the EBA-SF binder can be successfully used for the manufacture of ecological paving blocks with low carbon emissions.
Highlights
The construction industry consumes a large number of resources and energy, in contrast to other sectors of the contemporary economy [1]
To evaluate concentration of the solutions with the to samples the664 eco-friendly paving blocks exposed to UV the for concentration of the collected during the tests, calibration created from the h is lower than theMB
A control container containing only the AM solution was added to the UV chamber to assess the degradation of the dye without the influence of the catalyst material
Summary
The construction industry consumes a large number of resources and energy, in contrast to other sectors of the contemporary economy [1]. Due to the relevance of this type of construction, which has (i) a high consumption of raw materials, (ii) large extensions of the built environment (usually concrete or asphalt), (iii) permanent contact with the external environment, and (iv) continuous traffic vehicle and people, new eco-friendly floors have emerged to meet the demand for sustainable materials [90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98] In this scope, interlocking pavements (paving blocks or paver) are widely used, and their non-structural application increases the use of waste as raw materials (aggregates, replacements, etc.) without the need for excessive requirements with high performance, but meeting the specifications required project [99,100,101,102,103].
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