Los abordajes conceptuales a la migración de retorno: una revisión sistemática de los marcos teóricos (1974-2018) y sus implicancias para el caso peruano

Computational methods recently gained momentum in archaeological science, particularly affecting large site distribution samples and environmental explanatory parameters. However, quantitative and environmental archaeology are still considered to be limited to a small number of experts and thus less ready to use in general research. Here, we present a case study that integrates computational methods and environmental data into archaeological spatial analyses using Point Pattern Analysis (PPA). We introduce a basic approach to model, visualise, and interpret archaeological site distributions as functions of explanatory covariates in a regional setting of the Neolithic period in the Carpathian Basin. The integration of environmental and socio-cultural variables in a multicomponent analysis allows to distinguish site location parameters and preferences across different chronological periods. Using the code to this article and open-access spatial data, the workflow can be adapted to different regional contexts and chronological periods, making it particularly suitable for spatial pattern comparison.

This article examines the reproduction of classical philology staff at Petrograd Leningrad University in the late 1910s–1920s, a topic that has received limited scientific attention. The materials are primarily comprised of archival office documents and “Teaching Reviews” published during the specified chronological period. The study of the evolution of a discrete area of training enabled us to eschew the proclivity in post-Soviet historiography to portray the prerevolutionary generation of scholars as mere victims of Soviet policy and ideology. Instead, we were able to elucidate the strategies of adaptation deployed by professors of the “old” school in response to the advent of a new reality, one in which the science of classical antiquity was no longer supported by the state. The intention to modify the conceptualisation of the training system in classical disciplines and pedagogical experience in accordance with evolving circumstances is evident. Even the established system of studying ancient authors in class was presented as an “innovative” brigade-laboratory method of teaching, introduced by the Narkompros. Until 1927, the various departments, cycles and specialisations managed to maintain, in general terms, the previous approach to the training of a classical philologist, which was based on the complex nature of the discipline of antiquarian studies. The article uncovers several key trends in higher education during the 1920s that shaped the landscape of classical philology. These include the introduction and gradual increase in the share of the so-called “social disciplines”, which were unified across the entire faculty, the reduction in the number of specialised disciplines, and the curtailment of narrow specialisations under the banner of the struggle against “multi-subjectivity”. Additionally, there was a shift towards the graduation of professionals with practical skills, which gained prominence from 1928 onwards (the advent of the “cultural revolution”).

Reviewed by: Canada: Confederation to Present [CD-ROM] Magda Fahrni Canada: Confederation to Present [CD-ROM]. Bob Hesketh and Chris Hackett. Edmonton: Chinook Multimedia Inc., 2001. $39.95 The recently issued CD-ROM Canada: Confederation to Present claims to be 'the most comprehensive history of Canada ever authored.' Such an expansive claim is difficult to assess, but surely contains some measure of truth. One hundred and forty historians from Canada and Quebec contributed to this electronic resource, designed for students and the general public. Sponsored by the Department of Canadian Heritage, Telefilm Canada, and the University of Alberta, the project was overseen by an editorial board composed of thirteen historians representing the country's different regions. The abundance of information (both textual and visual) on the disc is impressive, at times even overwhelming; ultimately, this is a sound and satisfying resource. The structure of Canada: Confederation to Present benefits from the multidirectional possibilities offered by the medium of a compact disc. The history of Canada from 1867 onward is presented through five 'interpretative narratives, or pathways': 'Natives,' 'Society/Culture,' 'Women,' 'Politics/Economy,' and 'Regional Dynamics.' Each 'pathway' includes several scholarly overviews written by experts in the field. Under 'Natives,' for instance, the researcher might choose between 'Native Life' (authored by J.R. Miller), 'Government Policy and Administration' (the work of Kerry Abel), or 'Native Activism' (written by Anthony J. Hall). Each of these essays is in turn divided into chronological periods, and each period into different themes. Readers of James G. Snell's essay 'Home Life' (part of the pathway 'Society/Culture') interested in the period 1945-67 might choose, for instance, among sub-topics 'The Baby Boom,' 'The Elderly,' 'Housing,' and 'Suburbia.' All twenty-four overview essays (which occasionally overlap) include footnotes, references to current historiographical debates, and suggestions for further reading. All include visuals, some of them truly wonderful: photographs (such as 'Norman Bethune's Apartment, Montreal, QC, ca. 1935'), illustrations, [End Page 535] caricatures, graphs, tables, and maps. Many include excerpts from primary documents, and some include links to short film clips (for instance, 'Vancouver to Get Oil Pipeline, 1952' or 'Roman Catholic Mission, Chesterfield Inlet, NT, 1951'). All twenty-four overview essays also provide hyperlinks to 'case studies.' There are 120 case studies in all, each specially commissioned for this CD-ROM and each the work of an expert in the field. Some of these case studies consist of 'classic' material: Marilyn Barber on domestic servants; Irving Abella on Canadian anti-Semitism in the interwar years; Gail Cuthbert Brandt on women in the Quebec cotton industry; Réal Bélanger on Wilfrid Laurier. Other case studies are drawn from more recent research: Charlene Porsild on Klondike society; Valerie Korinek on post-war readers of Chatelaine; Éric Bédard on the October Crisis; Robin Brownlie on the role of Indian agents in Ontario; Lisa Dillon on elderly women in late Victorian Canada. For reasons that remain unclear to this reader, some of the most interesting case studies are not actually to be found on the CD-ROM, but can be accessed on-line from the Canada: Confederation to Present Web site. Like the overview articles, the case studies include illustrations (some in colour), footnotes, excerpts from primary sources, and a bibliography. As the titles of the five pathways suggest, the CD-ROM reflects the emphasis on social history that for the past thirty years has been characteristic of the discipline. The editors and authors have paid careful attention to differences structured by region, ethnicity, gender, and social class. In its approach and its historiographical leanings the CD somewhat resembles the two-volume textbook edited by Margaret Conrad, Alvin Finkel, et al., History of the Canadian Peoples. It might be seen as a response to those who charge that historical knowledge has become fragmented, in that it pulls the social history microstudies of the last quarter-century together into coherent syntheses and one (massive!) product. And the CD actually delivers more than it promises: ostensibly a history of Canada since Confederation, some of the overview articles (such as Jean-Claude Robert's essay on Quebec and David Marshall's essay on religion) also provide valuable background information on...

LiDAR has become fairly integrated into archaeological practice at a global scale. This has gradually evolved to include UAV LiDAR. Nevertheless, considerable biases remain, including with regard to geographical regions, chronological periods, feature types and environments. At present, few studies of coastal environments exist, despite the fact that LiDAR—and UAV LiDAR in particular—has the obvious advantages of flexibility and time efficiency in such archaeologically rich but logistically challenging environments. In this paper, we compare the results of UAV LiDAR surveys with records from previous ground surveys in two case studies from coastal environments on opposite sides of the globe. Case Study I of shell middens located within approximately 3 km2 around Cambaceres Bay involved the first collection of LiDAR data from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Case Study II covered approximately 3 km2 of the island of Vega, Northern Norway, and is among the pioneering LiDAR studies of Mesolithic house pits. The detection success rate was fairly good for Cambaceres—69% of 1240 recorded structures were identified on LiDAR—and above expected for Vega, with 81% of 51 recorded house pits identified on LiDAR. In Cambaceres, the main challenges were dense and low vegetation and identifying small middens. Possible new identifications of archaeological features were made in both areas: subtle depressions interpreted as dwelling foundations in Cambaceres and house pits on Vega. We conclude that UAV LiDAR can contribute to coastal archaeology and that it has added values besides making new identifications, being both flexible and time efficient. An example pertains to the possible identification of a practice that has not previously been proved archaeologically in Tierra del Fuego—more thorough site preparation prior to the construction of the dwellings—which in turn raises new questions.

Regional differences in pottery production occur in terms of raw materials used, manufacturing technologies employed, and the range of vessel shapes created. The shapes were not only determined by the intended use contexts—for example in a settlement/funerary/cultic activity/industrial location—but also depend on the chronological period in which the vessels were made. It is, however, often difficult to date material culture precisely within dynasties unless an undisturbed context can be connected with a well dated monument. A separate analysis is required for each case study in order to find explanatory models for the observed differences. In Egypt, except during the Middle Kingdom, differences in pottery repertoires over time have often been explained by the strengthening or weakening of the central administration, which is thought to have governed pottery production to a significant extent. This holds true for some of the material recovered, but an inadequate number of pottery workshops have been found to clearly support the hypothesis. Pictorial evidence and three-dimensional models of vessels, workers, and industrial buildings indicate that larger estates may also have included pottery workshops. This paper argues that estate production may explain some of the differences seen in the material assemblages. Two case studies are used to illustrate this, as well as the challenges and questions that arise when studying regional variations in pottery production. The first focuses on the early Middle Kingdom period at the sites of Ihnasya el-Madina/Herakleopolis Magna and Dayr al-Barsha, and the second focuses on the late Middle Kingdom at the sites of Tell el-Dabʿa/Avaris and Kom Rabia/Memphis.

The article is intended to synthesize published information regarding carried out into mortar and concrete materials about roman buildings in the gulf of Naples, Italy. The region for its geological formation and for the historical significance of Roman cities and its monuments is interested by multidisciplinary studies on the raw materials and roman construction technologies for an in-depth knowledge of the composition of geomaterials degraded in time and Structural problems with a view to restoring the archaeological heritage. The article presents the case studies of two geographic areas in particular, the sites of the Phlegrean Fields and the Vesuvian area (Puteoli, Baia, Misenum, Pompeii, Herculaneum, Stabia, Surrentum). The results indicated that complexes and monuments of importance have a composition of mortars and conglomerates which is found to match what is indicated by the sources and that malfunctions made in different chronological periods do not always retain the same composition. Forthermore results confirmed that Roman engineers extensively used local geomaterials such as volcanic and sedimentary aggregates mixed with hydrated lime.

Directional analysis of surface artefact distributions: a case study from the Murghab Delta, Turkmenistan

Many cities in developing countries are confronted with many problems regarding their physical structures. The efforts to overcome these difficulties arose from the political, economic and cultural structural factors that preside over those countries. Iranian cities also follow this pattern of development. However, many of these cities lack the necessary research and scientific knowledge to determine a suitable path for development and planning. Furthermore, policymaking does not rest on a basis of suitable fundamentals and information. Many plans in these cities have therefore led to unsuitable results and, rather than moving existing aims forward, have created new difficulties. Mashad, as the second-largest metropolis of Iran after Tehran and the third-most important religious city of the Islamic world, has a great development potential that should be correctly and properly applied. Essential to this goal is the availability of necessary information about the history and regional and local characteristics of the city and, on the other hand, having enough knowledge about other developing countries’ experiences. Using this information and these analyses and tested theories, one can work towards a suitable development program for this unique city. Under this assumption, this dissertation has two main aims. First, the gathering of documentary evidence and categorization of historic information about Mashad, especially in the physical field, and second, the production of a pattern for evaluating the degree of influence of factors that affect the physical evolution of cities and their comparison with each other. This would be effective in discovering the reciprocal relationship of these factors and could pave the way for applying urban experiments in similar future analyses. With these aims, Mashad is used as the case study and Iranian and European cities as the general comparative grounds for this study. Initial results show that effective factors on the physical evolution in Mashad have not only had very different conditions from European cities but also with other cities in Iran. For example, the main influence of political factors on the development of Mashad in all of historic periods and the gradual growth of this effect in Iranian cities versus the decreasing in this effect on the physical development of European cities is significant. At the same time, while social factors (with an emphasis on public participation) have continually grown in their effect on European cities, these show a significant decrease in Iranian cities and especially Mashad over the course of history. This phenomenon can be seen in the lack of urban public spaces for social interactions within the core of the city. These different features fundamentally emphasize a need for new development planning specifically for this city. The presented pattern for estimating the state of a city or cities in various historic and chronological periods and the comparative tables in this pattern prepare the grounds for analysis and produce several results,…

A method for aggregating external operating conditions in multi-generation system optimization models

The long-time formation of a multiethnic population in Kazakhstan during the Soviet period formed a potential source for population outflow while a sizable Kazakh diaspora abroad was a potential source of immigration to Kazakhstan after 1991. Since the 1991 independence of Kazakhstan, the strategic demographic goals have been to increase its population size and stabilize its ethno-demographic situation. The migration processes that occurred can be divided into two chronological periods. First, the 1990s were marked with a mass outflow of the European population from Kazakhstan. It was a sign of shift towards liberalization in socio-economic, political and other spheres of life as well as the economic downturns related to the collapse of the ruble zone, and the impact of the Asian and Russian financial crises in 1997–1998. The second period marked with the emergence of new migration trends started in the beginning of the 2000s despite the fact that Kazakhstan had still been losing its population due to emigration. The net migration became positive in 2004 and even increased in the following years. The volume of immigration among ethnic Kazakhs under the state policy on ethnic return migration increased. The aim of the second part of the paper is to trace the changes in the total population and its ethno-demographic structure in Kazakhstan from the beginning of the independent state in 1991, and to determine the role of migration in these changes. We also present a conceptualization of the migration policy. <b> Rozsáhlé etnicko-demografické změny v Kazachstánu v průběhu 20. století: dramatický příběh masivních migračních vln 2. část: Mezinárodní migrace v Kazachstánu od roku 1991</b> Pestré národnostní složení obyvatel Kazachstánu s vysokým zastoupením etnik pocházejících především z evropské části tehdejšího Sovětského svazu se formovalo v průběhu značné části 19. a 20. století. Již několik desetiletí před rozpadem svazku sovětských republik bylo vysoké zastoupení alochtonních etnik významným faktorem migračního odlivu obyvatelstva z dotčeného území. Nehledě na tento vývoj, představovala etnická struktura potenciálně velmi významný zdroj emigrace i v samém závěru sovětské éry. Na druhé straně početná kazašská diaspora nacházející se především v sousedních zemích byla považována za významný zdroj přistěhovalectví. Od samého počátku existence nezávislé Kazašské republiky zároveň patřilo k jejím explicitně formulovaným strategickým cílům růst počtu obyvatel a stabilizace etno-demografické situace. Touto stabilizací se rozumělo především zvýšení podílu kazašského etnika, jehož příslušníci byli podle výsledků posledního všesvazového sčítání z roku 1989 v zemi svého původu v porovnání s příslušníky evropských národů v menšině. Rozpad Sovětského svazu tak znamenal uvolnění migračního potenciálu na obou stranách hranice. Následný migrační vývoj můžeme rozdělit do dvou období. V prvním z nich, které zahrnuje celá 90. léta, docházelo k masovému odlivu obyvatel evropského původu. Byl to důsledek posunu směrem k liberalizaci v sociálně-ekonomické, politické a dalších oblastech života, jakož i důsledek hospodářského útlumu v souvislosti s kolapsem rublové zóny a dopadu asijské a ruské finanční krize z let 1997–1998. Druhé období začalo na začátku 21. století. Navzdory tomu, že Kazachstán v prvních letech po roce 2000 stále ještě své obyvatelstvo emigrací ztrácel, začaly se v té době postupně projevovat zcela nové vývojové tendence, které vedly ke změně celkové migrační bilance. Kladné saldo migrace bylo zaznamenáno poprvé v roce 2004 a v následujících letech pak dále rostlo. Souviselo to jak poklesem počtu vystěhovalých ze země v důsledku její postupné ekonomické stabilizace a značného vyčerpání původního emigračního potenciálu, tak také s růstem přistěhovalectví etnických Kazachů v rámci repatriační politiky státu. V kontextu popsané intenzivní migrační výměny obyvatelstva a jejích vývojových změn si druhá část naší práce klade za cíl vysledovat a popsat změny celkového počtu obyvatel Kazachstánu a jeho etnodemografické struktury od vzniku samostatného státu v roce 1991 a podíl migrace na těchto změnách. Významná pozornost je věnována také vývoji migrační politiky Kazachstánu v daném období a jeho konceptualizaci.

Purpose This study aims to conduct a comprehensive review of high-performance work systems (HPWS), emphasising the integration-responsive factors, growth and adoption across various organisational contexts. This study systematically analyse how the HPWS has evolved and its impact on employee and organisational performance. Design/methodology/approach This study used a structured seven-step methodology (SSM) to ensure systematic data collection within the specified chronological periods. A manual and electronic literature search was conducted with 383 studies based on the TCCM selection criteria. The data analysis highlights the role of HPWS in enhancing organisational productivity, employee engagement and firm-level strategic competencies. Findings This study reaffirms that HPWS is a critical driver of both employee and organisational performance. The multi-theoretical perspective integrates key frameworks to explain how HPWS enhances productivity and increases job-related stress. The findings indicate that HPWS effectiveness varies across industries, with customisation playing a crucial role in achieving sustainable competitive advantage. This study also identifies underexplored research areas, including developing economies, knowledge-based industries and the intersection of HPWS with digital transformation. Originality/value This study pioneered the systematic application of the TCCM to HPWS research, offering a structured synthesis of theoretical advancements and methodological approaches. It also provides a framework for organisations to strategically implement HPWS while mitigating unintended adverse effects. The research findings contribute to academia and practice by equipping HR professionals and corporate executives with data-driven strategies for effective adoption of HPWS and workforce sustainability.

The relevance of this study. Postwar Japanese photography significantly shaped new expressive and narrative paradigms in global photography of the second half of the XX century. Amid profound sociocultural shifts following Japan’s capitulation and American occupation, photographers combined documentary, experimentation, and philosophical reflection. This synthesis articulated the complexity of the postwar experience and fostered a new visual language that influenced global photographic discourse — notably visible in the visual and narrative-thematic strategies of Ukrainian photographers, particularly within Kharkiv School of Photography during the 1980s — 1990s. The purpose of the article is to conduct a chronological analysis of the development of the documentary photography genre in Japan from the late 1940s to the 1960s, with a focus on identifying and systematizing the thematic and narrative dominants of each decade, as well as revealing the interconnections between them. Іn particular, to identify narrative and thematic parallels in the works of the representatives of Kharkiv School of Photography of the 1980s — 1990s. The methodology. The study employed a chronological and comparative analysis, along with a review of photographic archival materials, which enabled the identification of thematic and narrative dominants from the late 1940s to the 1960s. Analytical processing of the collected material, combined with methods of synthesis, comparison, and generalization, to trace the key trends in the development of documentary photography and to reveal the internal interconnections between them throughout the specified chronological period. The results. Analysis of Japanese photographic archives (late 1940s — 1960s) reveals the emergence of a consistent documentary model that reflected Japan’s postwar sociocultural shifts. In late 1940s, photography addressed the American occupation, national crisis, and child homelessness. The 1950s saw a critical turn toward themes of recovery and urbanization, while in 1960s, the medium expanded to protest, industrialization, ecology, and changing views on individuality and childhood. In addition, narrative and thematic continuities have been traced between Japanese photographers and representatives of Kharkiv School of Photography of the 1980s — 1990s. The scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian art history, a chronological comparative analysis of the development of the documentary photography genre in Japan from the late 1940s to the 1960s has been conducted. The study systematizes the key thematic and narrative dominants characteristic of each decade within the specified period, and also reveals the internal conceptual-thematic interconnections and continuities between them. In particular, for the first time, the study traces the thematic inheritance and conceptual continuity between Japanese photographers and representatives of Kharkiv School of Photography during the 1980s — 1990s. The practical significance of the study contributes to the development of the theoretical and methodological foundations for further research in the history of photography and visual culture. Its results are applicable in academic publications and university courses in art and cultural studies. Conclusions. The study confirms the central role of the documentary genre in shaping postwar Japanese photography and its influence on Japan’s socio-cultural transformations. Analysis of photographic archives revealed 12 key thematic and narrative dominants from the late 1940s to the 1960s, as well as their conceptual continuity and interconnections within the given historical context. In particular, the thematic inheritance of these dominants can be traced in the work of representatives of Kharkiv School of Photography during the 1980s–1990s.

This book is a reprint of Jaap R. Bruijn’s 1993 book, <italic>The Dutch Navy</italic>, which offers an English-language overview of the history of the Dutch Navy in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It is divided into three chronological periods: the ‘old’, ‘new’, and ‘second-rate’ navy. Rather than presenting a history of naval conflict, this volume approaches Dutch naval history from the following four angles: operations, administration, officer duties, and sailor duties. It consists of a series foreword, a new introduction detailing recent developments in naval historiography, the original introduction providing a history of Dutch maritime history from the middle ages to the beginning of the seventeenth century, a conclusion, and a bibliography and index. It explores the astounding amount of naval power belonging to such a sparsely populated nation, plus the rapid rates of success and decline. It confirms that the Dutch navy - with its logic, innovation, and missteps alike - provides an excellent case study of both the development of European bureaucracy and armed forces in the Early Modern period.

Balbo, A. L., E. Gómez-Baggethun, M. Salpeteur, A. Puy, S. Biagetti, and J. Scheffran. 2016. Resilience of small-scale societies: a view from drylands. Ecology and Society 21(2):53.http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-08327-210253

A hierarchical taxonomic procedure for provenance determination: A case study of Chalcolithic ceramics from the central Zagros