Lorraine Hansberry and Race Politics in Postwar American Intellectual Life

Responding to sexual violence in armed conflict

OBJECTIVES: the prevalence of gender and sexual violence, its association with gender and ethical attitudes and the experience of suffering and perpetration of violence were evaluated among students at a public university in Brazil. METHODS: a cross-sectional study analyzed the answers given by 2430 students to a questionnaire sent by internet. RESULTS: among girls, 56.3% had been subjected to some kind of violence and 9.4% to sexual violence since university admission; 29.9% of men reported having perpetrated some kind of violence, 11.4% gender and 3.3% sexual violence. Multivariate analysis showed that living with parents/relatives was a protective factor for women being subjected to and men perpetrating sexual violence but not for "any type of violence". Lower scores for ethical attitudes were associated with a greater likelihood of men perpetrating any kind of or gender violence. Student for whom religion was important had a lower risk of being a perpetrator of any type and of sexual violence, but not gender violence. CONCLUSIONS: the findings may be useful for the discussion of this problem and to propose interventions to prevent or minimize the problems of gender and sexual violence on campus. Further studies in other university contexts need to be carried out to increase knowledge and explore possibilities for intervention.

The historical consensus on sexual and gender violence during the Irish War of Independence and the Civil War suggests that, while it occurred, it was rare and did not form part of any wider policy or strategy of war. This article explores narratives of sexual/gender violence to appreciate both the contemporary framing and understanding of occurrences which were reported. The prevalence of ‘haircutting’ will be explored through newspaper reports of such incidents and it is argued that the evidence suggests gender violence was targeted and widespread. However, these reports reveal relatively little about the ways in which both gender and sexual violence were handled. In this context, an incident which occurred in the aftermath of the Civil War involving an attack on two young women by, allegedly, three Free State officers, is presented as a micro study of the ways in which violence against women was perceived and managed.

INTRODUCTION - Sexual Violence Against Men in Global Politics Marysia Zalewski, Paula Drumond, Elisabeth Prugl, and Maria Stern Tribulations - Poem by Nziza D.Harouna SECTION 1: PROVOCATIONS Chapter 1 - Provocations in Debates about Sexual Violence against Men Marysia Zalewski Chapter 2 - Battle-Induced Urotrauma, Sexual Violence, and American Servicemen Chris Hendershot Chapter 3 - Masculinity, Men and Sexual Violence in the U.S. Military Elizabeth Mesok Chapter 4 - Languages of Castration - Male genital mutilation in conflict and its embedded messages Henri Myrttinen Chapter 5 - Medical Approaches to Sexual Violence in War, in Guidelines and in Practice Caroline Cottet Chapter 6 - The Political Economy of Sexual Violence Against Men and Boys in Armed Conflict Sara Meger Reflections Reflections on Sexual Violence Against Men and Boys in Global Politics Paul Higate and Nivi Manchanda Homo Interruptus Paul Kirby Can Our Intellectual Curiosity on Gender Cause Harm? Madeline Rees Gender, Sex and Sexual Violence Against Men Laura J. Shepherd Not for the faint of heart: reflections on rape, gender, and conflict Lara Stemple SECTION 2: FRAMING Chapter 7 - Uncovering Men's Narratives of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence Michele Leiby Chapter 8 - Sex, Violence and Heteronormativity: Re-visiting performances of sexual violence against men in former Yugoslavia Paula Drumond Chapter 9 - Only a fool... Why Men Don't Disclose Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in an Age of Global Media Chris Dolan Chapter 10 - Masculine subjectivities in United Nations discourse on gender violence (1970-2015): perpetrators, allies, and victims Gizeh Becerra Chapter 11 - Sexual Violence or torture? The Framing of Sexual Violence against Men in armed conflict in Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch Reports Thomas Charman Chapter 12 - Conflict-related Sexual Violence Against Men and the International Criminal Jurisprudence Patricia Viseur Sellers and Leo Nwoye Reflections Familiar Stories, the Policing of Knowledge and Other Challenges Ahead Maria Eriksson Baaz Reflections on the Slippery Politics of Framing Harriet Gray Male Victims: A blind spot in law Charu Hogg Sexual Violence Against Men and Boys in the Congo Ilot Muthaka SGBV Against Men and Boys as a Site of Theoretical and Political Contestation Jill Steans People you May Know - Poem by Kevin Kantor

On Social Networks, Anonymous Testimonies, and Other Tools of Feminist Activism against Sexual Violence in Egypt

Toward a New Feminist Theory of Rape

Violence against Women and Girls: Female Filmmakers Critique the Menace

Gender and sexual violence have always been an important component of genocide, as the deliberate use of such violence inflicts on the group conditions of life that destroy the possibility of its own survival as a community. This chapter explores how an evolving notion of gender and sexual violence has expanded our understanding of forms, dimensions, and consequences of genocidal violence. It surveys the literature, both theoretical and empirical, that over the past thirty years has put gender at the center of analysis and revealed that the production of genocidal ideologies is gendered; gendered are the experiences of perpetrators, victims, and bystanders; and gendered are the notion and the reality of vulnerability before, during and after a genocide, with a devastating impact on everybody, whether women or men, or gender-nonconforming individuals. These scholarly developments on gender violence and genocide are key to design policies of prevention, intervention, and reparation.

As Anne Hellum and other authors have emphasized, “gender relations are shaped and reshaped in a plural, unsettled and contested terrain where human rights, state law, customary law and local norms coexist and interact in the same social field” (Hellum, Chapter 1 in this volume; see also Griffiths 1997; Hellum et al. 2007; Merry 2006). In this chapter, I attempt to locate the discussion of gender (in)justice and legal pluralities within a broader analysis of regimes of governance, or patterns of rule, that are shaped by history and power, and to consider the effects that emerging forms of interlegality have on relations of inequality and domination.1 Specifically, I examine the ways in which indigenous women’s rights to physical integrity and protection from sexual violence are – or are not – addressed within the state justice system and indigenous community justice in postwar Guatemala.2 My aim is to explore how such issues are framed in the interplay between these different legal spheres, and by different ontologies or understandings of personhood. As this analysis will show, individual and collective agency is shaped by the diverse and mutually constitutive discourses of rights, entitlement, protection, obligation, responsibility and identity at play in the postwar period. Contemporary constellations of governance determine the prospects forindigenous women’s access to justice and redress in the case of sexual violence. These, in turn, are shaped by the histories and relations of power which have determined the nature of state and non-state justice systems and the relationship between them. In order to analyze the impact of legal pluralities on women’s access to justice we cannot simply analyze how women fare within different justice forums or how they “forum shop” between them. Instead we should seek to understand different configurations of interlegality and the forms of personhood they reveal as the consequences of histories of colonialism, racism, discrimination, violence and of different counterhegemonic actions. The chapter is structured as follows: first, by way of background, I providesome brief details on gender inequalities and violence in Guatemala, locatingthese within the broader context of impunity and past and present human rights violations. I then discuss two key features of the country’s complex legal pluralities in the postwar period: first, the advance of rights-based discourses and instruments, including new legislative provisions concerning gender equality and gender violence; and, second, the ambiguous recognition by the state of community-based indigenous law. In the third section I adopt an actor-centered perspective to explore recent transformations in Guatemala’s complex legal pluralities, exploring their consequences for women’s access to justice in cases of sexual violence. I do this through examination of two specific cases of rape and attempted rape that occurred in the department of Quiche, drawing on ethnographic fieldwork I have carried out in and around the departmental capital of Santa Cruz del Quiche since 2006.3 In the concluding section I reflect on the dynamics of interlegality in the postwar period, the relation between these and new configurations of governance, and the implications for protection of indigenous women from sexual and physical violence.

The residence system can become an area of social inequalities and inequities, also becoming a scenario where discrimination and work-related and gender violence are reproduced. The objectives of the study are to understand the perception of discrimination and workplace violence, the most frequent types of discrimination, the factors related to perceived discrimination and violence, and the degree of knowledge about institutional protocols. Cross-sectional study. A survey was conducted among residents and fellows assigned to the residency system of a public hospital. A total of 149 surveys were obtained. The frequency of the different types of violence in order of frequency were psychological/verbal 56%, sexual 7% and physical 6%. Due to discrimination: racial 13%, gender 10%, appearance or disability 9% and maternity, paternity or childcare 7%. The latter was classified 41% of the time as very serious or serious. Physical, psychological and sexual violence were perceived as not serious, 100%, 78% and 75% respectively. More than 75% of the events of gender and sexual orientation violence were classified as mild-moderate. Years of residency were protective against violence of any kind. There is a high level of ignorance about institutional protocols and how to act. Violence is a frequent experience for residents and fellows at the institution. Promoting a cultural change within the training system to create healthier workplaces is essential.

What can the lived experiences of women in Papua New Guinea who experience sexual and gendered violence tell us about social identity and transformation?Drawing from long-term field research in rural Papua New Guinea, author Alison Dundon reflects on the widespread violence perpetrated against women, buttressed by practices and perspectives consistent with specific ideals of masculinity and femininity. Weaving the stories of women experiencing this environment of violence throughout, The Intimacy of Violence focuses on the legacy of gendered aggression through the lens of colonialism, mobility, and institutional structures.Exploring the themes of gender and sexual violence, challenging institutional structures, and social identity, this book is ideal reading for students of Cultural Anthropology, Gender Studies, Sociology, Politics, History, and Colonialism.

This chapter links Kant’s account of human nature to unruly sexual activity and to the consequences of sexual or gendered violence and oppression. I use the account to explore the temptation of engaging in sexual violence and oppression, the damage sexual wrongdoing can do, why and how we can heal from sexual violence, why there are historical patterns to sexual violence and oppression, and why, despite the fact that our sexually loving selves are unruly and have as possible corollaries the strongest of human emotions (passions), we are morally (ethically and legally) responsible for them. This chapter also shows how sexualized wrongdoing can be used as part of violent oppression and atrocities. Additionally, Kant’s accounts of barbarism and of formal and material wrongdoing enable us to describe how human beings can face conditions or situations in which there is no morally good way out, without abandoning Kant’s idea of absolute moral prohibitions.

Sexual violence is a significant public health and human rights issue worldwide. Refugees and asylum seekers affected by armed conflict are particularly vulnerable. In Kenya, the extent of sexual violence in humanitarian settings remains underexplored. Although many organizations address gender-based violence, little is known about male refugees who are victims of sexual violence. This paper aims to identify how cultural norms influence sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) faced by Congolese male refugees in Kakuma Camp. The study adopted a mixed cross-sectional survey research design. The study population for this study included refugee male survivors of sexual violence within Kakuma refugee camp, Turkana West Constituency. purposive sampling was used to select male refugees who formed the sampling frame. Simple random sampling was used to select 382 male refugees and 6 key informants as the respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. Data was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative data. The key Findings revealed that Congolese male refugees in Kakuma experience various forms of SGBV, including physical abuse (46%), sexual abuse (33%), and psychological abuse (21%). Younger males (18-29 years) reported higher incidences of SGBV compared to older age groups. Cultural norms significantly impacted the reporting and perception of SGBV, with societal stigma and the pressure to conform to traditional masculine roles discouraging many victims from seeking help. The study concluded that addressing SGBV among male refugees requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes cultural sensitivity, awareness programs, and support systems tailored to the unique needs of male survivors.

El artículo propone, teniendo como estudio de caso el #MeTooMexicano, que la justicia digital puede ser una forma de desencriptación del poder colonial/patriarcal en el caso de violencia sexual y de género, como parte del Feminismo 4.0 o de cuarta ola, como propone la feminista Nuria Varela. Se entiende la encriptación del poder como el entrelazamiento progresivo del lenguaje de interpretación no sólo de la Constitución y el derecho, sino de una serie de procesos y datos que integran la realidad como tal; desencriptar el poder significa pues revertir la exclusión del sujeto de la colonialidad y el patriarcado como la forma básica de dominación. La justicia digital es el proceso mediado por las plataformas digitales, en el que a falta de un sistema de justicia funcional y eficiente, las víctimas de algún delito o violación a los derechos humanos, especialmente las víctimas de violencia sexual y de género, narran sus experiencias bajo un hashtag con la expectativa de que se haga trending topic y su masividad y viralidad tenga el efecto de evidenciar al presunto perpetrador, quien puede por la vía de las plataformas digitales negar o aceptar la acusación. El argumento central es que en el #MeTooMexicano la violencia sexual se litigó digitalmente como estrategia para desencriptar el poder colonial y patriarcal que no permiten a las mujeres el acceso a la justicia.

The essay explores the historical colonial legacies of prostitution, sexual and gendered violence. It draws parallels with new forms of colonialism by mining, timber, oil, and other extractive industries that destroy families and eco-systems at the same time. It connects how violence is deliberately engendered to destroy and colonize whole communities and societies. The essay attempts to show that sexual violence and structural violence are interlinked and that to undo the systems of structural violence, women and men will have to confront the sexual violence in their lives as individuals, as collectives and in systems.