Abstract
AimThe aims of this study were to examine if people with first‐episode psychosis (FEP) are able to continue adhering to exercise after a supervised intervention and to explore if the benefits of exercise can be sustained.MethodsTwenty‐eight persons with FEP took part in a 10‐week exercise intervention that provided each participant with twice‐weekly accompaniment to exercise activities of their own choice, of whom 20 were re‐assessed 6 months after the intervention. Long‐term adherence to exercise was assessed, and measures of psychiatric symptoms, physical health, neurocognition and social functioning were administered at baseline, post‐intervention and 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsDuring the supervised intervention, participants achieved 124.4 min of moderate‐to‐vigorous exercise per week. After 6 months, physical activity levels had decreased significantly (P = 0.025) and only 55% of participants had continued to exercise weekly. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance found that the significant improvements in psychiatric symptoms and social functioning observed immediately after the intervention were maintained at 6 months (P = 0.001). However, post hoc analyses showed that symptomatic reductions were only maintained for those who continued to exercise, whereas symptom scores increased among those who had ceased exercising. Previously observed improvements in waist circumference and verbal memory were lost by 6 months.ConclusionLong‐term exercise participation is associated with significant benefits for symptoms, cognition and social functioning in FEP. However, adherence to unsupervised exercise is low. Future research should explore the effectiveness of ‘step‐down’ support following supervised interventions, and aim to establish sustainable methods for maintaining regular exercise in order to facilitate functional recovery and maintain physical health.
Highlights
Physical inactivity is ranked among the top five causes of mortality worldwide[1] and is one of the greatest public health problems in developed countries[2] as it increases the risk of noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease.[3]
Long-term exercise participation is associated with significant benefits for symptoms, cognition and social functioning in first-episode psychosis (FEP)
People with schizophrenia are more inactive than the general population,[4] which heightens their risk of cardiometabolic diseases.[5]
Summary
Physical inactivity is ranked among the top five causes of mortality worldwide[1] and is one of the greatest public health problems in developed countries[2] as it increases the risk of noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease.[3]. Exercise can reduce the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia.[7,8] These features of illness are often unresponsive to antipsychotic treatment, and yet are detrimental to functional recovery.[9,10] developing effective methods for increasing physical activity in schizophrenia could significantly improve both physical and functional outcomes.[6,7]
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