Abstract
BackgroundThe treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) seeks to reduce or prevent its complications and decrease morbidity and mortality. For certain subgroups of patients, coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) may accomplish these goals. The objective of this study was to assess the pulmonary function in the CABG postoperative period of patients treated with a physiotherapy protocol.MethodsForty-two volunteers with an average age of 63 ± 2 years were included and separated into three groups: healthy volunteers (n = 09), patients with CAD (n = 9) and patients who underwent CABG (n = 20). Patients from the CABG group received preoperative and postoperative evaluations on days 3, 6, 15 and 30. Patients from the CAD group had evaluations on days 1 and 30 of the study, and the healthy volunteers were evaluated on day 1. Pulmonary function was evaluated by measuring forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP).ResultsAfter CABG, there was a significant decrease in pulmonary function (p < 0.05), which was the worst on postoperative day 3 and returned to the preoperative baseline on postoperative day 30.ConclusionPulmonary function decreased after CABG. Pulmonary function was the worst on postoperative day 3 and began to improve on postoperative day 15. Pulmonary function returned to the preoperative baseline on postoperative day 30.
Highlights
The treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) seeks to reduce or prevent its complications and decrease morbidity and mortality
There were no significant differences in forced vital capacity (FVC), Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) or maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) among the groups (p > 0.05) (Figure 1)
The biggest decrease was on postoperative day 3, and lung function returned to the preoperative level by postoperative day 15 (Figure 1)
Summary
The treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) seeks to reduce or prevent its complications and decrease morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to assess the pulmonary function in the CABG postoperative period of patients treated with a physiotherapy protocol. Pulmonary dysfunction and associated complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the period following cardiac CABG surgery [2]. Van Belle et al analyzed the pulmonary function of 18 patients before surgery and in the first and sixth weeks after CABG and concluded that respiratory muscle weakness contributed to the decrease in function seen in the first postoperative week. Many studies have shown the efficacy of physiotherapy, such as incentive spirometry [7] and respiratory muscle training [8], in minimizing pulmonary dysfunction during the preoperative and postoperative periods.
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