Abstract
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between bacteria-induced butyric acid and periodontal disease progression. DesignNormal human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to butyric acid (0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 mM) adjusted to a pH of 7.2–7.4 using sodium hydroxide for 0–96 h and cell viability was evaluated. In addition, the effects of butyric acid on the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in gingival fibroblasts were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, western blotting, and stromelysin zymography. ResultsButyric acid reduced the viability of gingival fibroblasts in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, butyric acid promoted production of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-10 in gingival fibroblasts and suppressed TIMP-2 protein production. ConclusionsButyric acid promoted overproduction of MMPs, resulting in a disruption of the balance between MMPs and TIMPs expression in gingival fibroblasts. Our study suggests that the butyric acid produced by causative bacteria stimulates excessive MMP expression in periodontal tissue, leading to destruction of the tissue.
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