Abstract
Effects of long-term use of nitrogenous fertilizers at 3 different amounts 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha −1 year −1) and of 6 different sources were assessed on lumbricid earthworms in uncultivated turfgrass on loamy sand soil. The effects of mineral ammonium sulphate (AS) and nitrochalk (NC) and synthetic sulphur-coated urea (SCU), organic-coated urea (OSM), isobutylidenediurea (IBDU), and ureaformaldehyde (UF) were related to their effects on soil acidity. AS or SCU drastically decreased earthworm numbers and biomass and lowered pH. NC had minor effects on pH and earthworms, with the effects of IBDU, UF and OSM being intermedite. Endogaeic species of earthworms such as Aporrectodea spp. were more strongly affected than the epigaeic group of Lumbricus spp., although an exception was noted for A. caliginosa tuberculata. Strongly acidified soils contained more organic matter than soils which were less acidified, accumulations of soils organic matter were associated with accumulations of surface thatch.
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