Abstract
Quaternary Red Clay (QRC) is the most common planting soil with low soil fertility and low crop yields in Southeast China, with low soil fertility and low crop yields. Many factors can impact the fertility and utilization efficiency of QRC. Here, we conducted a long-term fertilization experiment from 1984 to 2013. Five fertilization measures were carried out, including non-fertilization group; chemical Fertilizer group; 70% chemical and 30% organic fertilizer group; 50% chemical and 50% organic fertilizer group; 30% chemical and 70% organic fertilizer group. Soil organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and nitrogen (SMBN), and soil enzymes activity were measured to evaluate the changes of soil. In addition, soil microorganisms were determined by high-throughput sequencing technology, and the dominant microbes were screened. The higher the proportion of organic fertilizer was, the higher the soil OM content was. The OM content of the non-fertilization group was the lowest. Similarly, SMBC and SMBN showed a consistent trend with OM content. Illumina sequence results showed that the application of organic fertilizer reduced the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae, but increased Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The relative abundance of Acremonium and Mortierella were also greatly increased by different fertilization strategies. However, when high proportion of organic fertilizer was applied, the abundance of Acremonium and Mortierella decreased. Long-term balanced inorganic fertilization (NPK, 60%N:20%P:20%K) can effectively improve the quality and fertility of QRC. The effect of different fertilization strategies on fungi was greater than that on bacteria. The change of soil microorganism also proved the validity of inorganic fertilizer application.
Highlights
Soil organic matter is one of the important evaluation indexes of soil quality
We focus on the changes of microbial diversity in Quaternary Red Clay (QRC) paddy soil after longterm different fertilization strategies treatment, including chemical fertilizer and combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer in different proportion
We found that the organic matter (OM) content significantly increased with the increasing percentage of organic fertilizer, which indicated the important role of organic fertilizer in the accumulation of soil OM
Summary
In order to study the long-term effects of different organic fertilization strategies on Quaternary Red Clay (QRC), different organic fertilization strategies were performed since 1984. The quaternary red soil experimental sites of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences were located in Nanchang County (E115 ̊93’, N28 ̊55’), Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province. Four randomized and independent field plots were designed as replications. The design of this study was completely randomized block design. The area of each plot was 33.3 m2 with 0.5m × 0.5m cement ridges around the block. The experimental fields were used for rice planting, and a double-season cropping system were conducted using early- and late-season rice varieties. All test plots are consistent except for different fertilization strategies (Fig 1)
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