Abstract
The ever-increasing demand for broader bandwidth per user, which results from the continuous development of new bandwidth-hungry services and applications, creates the motivation to upgrade the currently deployed Time-Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Networks (TDM-PONs) to Next-Generation Optical Access Networks (NG-OANs). Beside the need for more bandwidth per user, a further extension in the range and an increase in the split ratio are highly desirable in PONs. These additional requirements can be achieved by adopting so-called Long-Reach Optical Access Networks (LR-OANs). LR-OANs offer a promising solution that ensures a significant number of users can be supported over a longer range. Moreover, they introduce a cost-effective approach in which both the access and metro segments of the telecommunication network are combined into one backhaul segment, which results in the consolidation of many central offices into one trunk-exchange. This cost-effective approach gave us the motivation to provide a comprehensive survey on the LR-OANs. In this study, we first provide a brief review of different potential technologies, proposed for next-generation optical access. We then provide a review of different stat-of-the-art LR-OAN architectures including opportunities and challenges in each one. A comparison among them based on key network specification is also provided.
Highlights
PONs were envisioned as an ultimate solution to the bandwidth demand problem because they offer a Gigabit-class Passive Optical Networks, such as Ethernet PONs (EPONs) and significantly wider bandwidth in comparison with the copper-based access networks, their capacity will be Gigabit PONs (GPONs), have been adopted in many countries as an alternative solution to copper-based exhausted when more bandwidth-hungry services become available in the near future
Long-Reach Optical Access Networks (LR-OANs) were initially based on Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) technology in which a single wavelength is shared by a significant number of Optical Network Units (ONUs) and they were based on hybrid Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)/Coarse Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (CWDM) and hybrid Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)/Dense
Among all technologies proposed for nextgeneration optical access is the long-reach optical access technology
Summary
PONs were envisioned as an ultimate solution to the bandwidth demand problem because they offer a Gigabit-class Passive Optical Networks (gigabit class-PONs), such as Ethernet PONs (EPONs) and significantly wider bandwidth in comparison with the copper-based access networks, their capacity will be Gigabit PONs (GPONs), have been adopted in many countries as an alternative solution to copper-based exhausted when more bandwidth-hungry services become available in the near future. Both EPONs and GPONs use timedivision multiplexing for the physical layer; the currently adopted gigabit-class PONs to the NextGeneration Optical Access Networks (NG-OANs) becomes they differ in terms of the data link layer protocol used, i.e., EPONs use Ethernet and GPONs use the GPON inevitable. Long-Reach Optical Access Networks (LR-OANs) are a potential candidate technology for Next-Generation Optical Access (NGOA). They provide a cost-effective solution that would reduce the capital and the operational expenditures by consolidating the number of central office sites by combining both the access and the metro segments of the telecommunication network in one extended back-haul segment.
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