Lomandra beaniana Jian Wang ter (Laxmanniaceae), a new species for south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern NSW, Australia

The views of the suthors of this paper are not necessarily the views of the Department, the Office, SEQ 2021 or its stakeholders. Since the authoring of this paper the SEQ 2021 unit has been within a new Queensland Government policy commitment, the Office of Urban Management. SEQ 2021 is the three‐year regional planning process for South East Queensland (SEQ), which is jointly funded by the South East Queensland Regional Organisation of Councils and the Queensland State Government. The aim of the program is to develop a new regional plan by late‐2004, which will guide the actions of all levels of Government, Community and Industry to 2026 to achieve a sustainable future for the region. This includes balancing the natural, built, social and economic environments so that they can be enjoyed by future generations. The use of spatial information has been an integral part of SEQ regional planning since 1990 ‐ providing a valuable resource for the planning process. In the current round of SEQ regional planning, the SEQ 2021 GIS Unit provides a service, which facilitates, coordinates and leads the use of spatial information to increase SEQ 2021 stakeholder understanding of the region's issues and, as a result, build the capacity and confidence of stakeholders to participate in the planning process. The Unit has undertaken an innovative program of information creation and dissemination to achieve these outcomes. This program has three main themes; the first is making existing spatial information increasingly available to stakeholders, for example, the SEQ Social Atlas, SEQ Regional Interests Mapping Series and special purpose mapping. The second is promoting spatial information to stakeholders through planning information seminars and expos. The last theme is facilitating the exchange of spatial data between State, Regional and Local Government Agencies. These approaches of increasing spatial information availability, marketing and promotion, and sharing have raised awareness in the amount and applicability of location‐based information to support SEQ regional planning. As a result, SEQ 2021 stakeholders are becoming better informed. However, a full exploitation of the power of location‐based information has not yet been realized in SEQ 2021 due to data licensing arrangements, which regulate SEQ 2021's use of spatial information in the public arena. If these were to be relaxed, there is the potential to further enhance informed regional decision‐making by the wider SEQ community.

Climate change is dominating social, political and economic agendas. Because of the salience of the issue, scientists, researchers and consultants have developed a plethora of climate adaptation strategies. In this article I analyse two such strategies: Adapting South African Cities and Towns: A Local Government Guide to Climate Change Adaptation Planning by Ziervogel and Methner; and Climate Change Vulnerability in South East Queensland: A Spatial and Sectoral Assessment by Choy et al. For this analysis I utilised the PULSE3 analytical framework. My analysis indicated that the two adaptation strategies were predominantly positivist in scientific orientation. Other paradigms and theories are also applicable in explaining the issue of climate change and how to adapt to it.

Assessment of some engineering properties and testing methods of residual soil and highly weathered rock materials in QLD, Australia

Comparison of water-energy trajectories of two major regions experiencing water shortage

Soft soil engineering has advanced rapidly in Southeast (SE) Queensland in the past half century with collaboration from academics, researchers and practising professionals. Geotechnical engineers in SE Queensland have been a part of this journey which has progressed to the current State-of-the-Art. This paper discusses the evolution of soft soil engineering over the last three decades in SE Queensland, especially field investigations, laboratory testing, instrumentation and monitoring. Most importantly, assessment of geotechnical parameters in setting up of geotechnical models is critical if any design is to be carried out covering soft soil sites. It is the intention of this paper to identify the critical design parameters to deal with compressibility and stability and suggest methods of parameter derivation.

nnnnn Much has been written about the low status of women in Australia in the late twentieth century. In attempting to explain this phenomenon, historians looked to the pioneering phase of Australia's settlement for the possible origins. It has been stated that the status and power of women was diminished by their dependence upon men during this period of development.nnnnn After the initial attempts by feminist writers to provide generalised analysis of the experiences of women in Australia in the nineteenth century, the belief arose that class, age, race, region and time of settlement (regional development) were all factors which influenced their experiences.nnnnn Before an overall picture can be formed of the commonality of women's experiences in Australia, studies of identifiable groups of women within cogent regions must be undertaken.nnnnn Sufficient evidence remains of the lives of upper middle-class or elite women in south-east Queensland, comprising the Moreton Bay and Darling Downs pastoral districts, for just such a study to be conducted. Letters, diaries and reminiscences of this literate stratum of women cover the period 1843 to 1900. The settlement and development of south-east Queensland up to the formation of the Commonwealth of Australia coincided with the lengthy Victorian period which was a time of change for women's aspirations and lifestyles.nnnnn To discern whether upper middle-class women gained, retained or lost status, independence and power because of the pioneering experience within south-east Queensland, it is necessary to compare their models (lifestyle aspirations) and modes (actual style) of life with those of their contemporary British equivalents.nnnnn It was from Victorian Britain that these upper middle-class women drew their roles, attitudes and behaviour. These models of life for women underwent significant change in Britain during this period as the burgeoning middle-classes looked to those above them for ideals and patterns of behaviour. When the ideals of marriage, family and home could not be fulfilled in practice, single women began to seek independent lives outside domestic patriarchy.nnnnn The changing models of life of Victorian British middle-class women as well as the region's development influenced the lives of women in southeast Queensland.nnnnn Upper middle-class women in Britain moved from the 'perfect wife' mode of life to that of the 'perfect lady' in the first part of the Victorian era. The 'perfect wife' was actively involved in housework and childcare as part of her role of helpmeet to her husband, assisting in the economic progress of the family. In contrast, the 'perfect lady' was supervisor of the servants who performed the housework and cared for the children. She carried out social duties in the form of entertaining, calling on suitable middle-class acquaintances and friends and generally maintaining or enhancing the family's status in this manner.nnnnn Single women were prepared for marriage by learning the skills necessary to run a home. The emphasis changed from performing the tasks to supervising those who did as the 'perfect lady' ideal was adopted. However, as the century progressed the percentage of women in Britain who married decreased. As marriage became a less likely option, single women began to pursue education and employment, living independently outside the home - the so-called 'new woman' mode of life.nnnnn In south-east Queensland, the physical independence of women was limited during the pioneering phase of development increasing as the region developed over the next fifty years until it equalled that possessed by women of similar rank in Britain.nnnnn The status of elite married women in south-east Queensland was high for most of the period because of women's involvement in the early phases of settlement. It declined as the perfect lady mode which separated the spheres of employment of men and women became not only the aspiration but the achievement of upper middle-class women.nnnnn For unmarried elite women, residence in south-east Queensland, particularly during the early period of settlement, allowed them relatively independent lives removed from the strictures of Victorian society and promoted their status within their families as they assisted in achieving the goal of economic success.nnnnn Married and single elite women possessed delegated or influential power rather than real power derived from economic independence and legal rights. For both groups influential power was dependent upon the status of the women and the quality of the personal relationship each held with the patriarch of the family.nnnnn The conclusion can be made that upper middle-class women in south-east Queensland did not lose independence, status or power in comparison with their British counterparts over the period 1840 to 1900 despite the rigours of the pioneering experience. Rather than isolation reducing women's status it was the growing uselessness prescribed by the perfect lady mode which de-skilled them and made work beneath their rank, leaving them vulnerable to a changing view of productive work whereby value became ascribed to paid employment only.

This thesis will examine the strategic uses of rural residential development, particularly in the separation of urban areas in both a physical and visual sense. The region of South East Queensland is utilised as the study area to ascertain the effectiveness of rural residential development in this regard.The subject under discussion is important to urban and regional planning because of the high rate of population growth expected in South East Queensland and associated with this, the concerns regarding the potential for urban sprawl to occur in the region. This has implications for the manner in which urban and regional planning measures can accommodate such population growth, and the impacts that this could potentially have on the region. The South East Queensland region covers the geographical areas of Brisbane City, Gold Coast to the east, Beaudesert to the south, Noosa to the north and Toowoomba to the west. The population in this region is expected to increase by 1.12 million by the year 2011(SEQ2001, 1993c).In South East Queensland the area designated for rural residential development is greater than that allocated for urban development. It has been estimated that rural residential development occupies approximately 20% of the developed land which comprises both urban and rural residential(SEQ2001, 1993e). Rural residential development has also caused concern because of the lower densities of the land use, and therefore the need for adequate provision of land in the future for urban residential purposes. It is acknowledged that priority should be given to urban development to accommodate the expected population increase in the South East Queensland region, however the function that rural residential development could provide in this scenario also warrants significant attention.Rural residential development needs to be examined with regard to the effectiveness of the land use in the prevention of the merging of urban areas and the containment of these urban areas in SEQ. The study will examine the region of South East Queensland, canvass in detail the issues applicable to rural residential development, and in particular the manner in which these issues impact on the strategic use and effectiveness of rural residential development in separating urban areas. In particular a case study will be utilised to determine the effectiveness of rural residential development in the Caboolture Shire. The Shire of Caboolture is to be examined because of the significant amount of rural residential development which has occurred in the Shire, its proximity to Brisbane and the potential for the separation of urban areas by such a land use in the Shire.The utilisation of rural residential development in separating urban areas in the South East Queensland region could be achieved and maintained with the assistance of a greater emphasis on proactive and strategic planning approaches to rural residential development. Rural residential design principles will be outlined which could assist in the maintenance of an open rural character, emphasise amenity and environmental considerations, and thus contribute to the separation of urban areas.The effectiveness of the strategic use of rural residential development in separating urban areas will be reviewed and inferences drawn to whether this is singularly an effective land use or, whether the assistance of a mix of land uses can provide a more effective result. Although the problems associated with rural residential development need to be canvassed, the examination of the strategic use of rural residential development in separating urban areas should be analysed to ascertain whether this land use can assist in dealing with the problems of anticipated population growth and urban sprawl in the South East Queensland region.

BackgroundRoss River virus (RRV) is responsible for the most common vector-borne disease of humans reported in Australia. The virus circulates in enzootic cycles between multiple species of mosquitoes, wildlife reservoir hosts and humans. Public health concern about RRV is increasing due to rising incidence rates in Australian urban centres, along with increased circulation in Pacific Island countries. Australia experienced its largest recorded outbreak of 9544 cases in 2015, with the majority reported from south east Queensland (SEQ). This study examined potential links between disease patterns and transmission pathways of RRV.MethodsThe spatial and temporal distribution of notified RRV cases, and associated epidemiological features in SEQ, were analysed for the period 2001–2016. This included fine-scale analysis of disease patterns across the suburbs of the capital city of Brisbane, and those of 8 adjacent Local Government Areas, and host spot analyses to identify locations with significantly high incidence.ResultsThe mean annual incidence rate for the region was 41/100,000 with a consistent seasonal peak in cases between February and May. The highest RRV incidence was in adults aged from 30 to 64 years (mean incidence rate: 59/100,000), and females had higher incidence rates than males (mean incidence rates: 44/100,000 and 34/100,000, respectively). Spatial patterns of disease were heterogeneous between years, and there was a wide distribution of disease across both urban and rural areas of SEQ. Overall, the highest incidence rates were reported from predominantly rural suburbs to the north of Brisbane City, with significant hot spots located in peri-urban suburbs where residential, agricultural and conserved natural land use types intersect.ConclusionsAlthough RRV is endemic across all of SEQ, transmission is most concentrated in areas where urban and peri-urban environments intersect. The drivers of RRV transmission across rural-urban landscapes should be prioritised for further investigation, including identification of specific vectors and hosts that mediate human spillover.

Australian cities exhibit a quality of life arguably among the best in the world, but rapidly expanding populations may soon threaten this status. The burgeoning conurbation of South East Queensland (SEQ) is an example. Recent growth management policies and plans (e.g. South East Queensland Regional Plan and local authority growth management strategies) have sought to curtail urban sprawl through urban footprints, growth management boundaries, urban consolidation, and other measures. The ‘density imperative’ presented by these collective urban policies affects the sourcing, provision and management of open space in inner-city locales in SEQ which may soon run out of land for parks and urban greenspace. This paper presents results from recent research into the environmental equity dimensions of providing urban greenspace in SEQ. Critiquing the long-entrenched parks-standards approach, the paper offers a ‘needs-based’ alternative, and considers its utility for SEQ and other fast-growing Australian urban areas. Questioning orthodox planning perspectives about who lives in higher density areas, we argue that local and state governments should look towards a variety of new types of green and open space to meet the needs of existing and future residents living in denser built environments.

Current research into the peri-urbanisation associated with the rapid population growth of preferred Australian metropolitan regions has shown that their landscape values are put at risk and the region's quality of life (QoL) and the community's standards of liveability are consequently threatened. Whilst the concept of a landscape framework as an analytical, policy and management tool has general acceptance, there appears to be few if any working examples where this concept has been operationalised. To date, the conventional approaches utilised by regional planning agencies and local government have not been able to deliver the necessary tools to incorporate the essential landscape planning principles let alone planning processes to address the regional landscape values at risk in the peri-urban areas of rapidly growing regions. However, promising initiatives have emerged from allied planning fields such as landscape planning. Despite shortcomings in the theoretical development of this conceptual framework, a regional landscape framework has been incorporated into the recently released SEQ Regional Plan 2005–2026, a statutory planning instrument for the South East Queensland (SEQ) region, Australia's fastest growing metropolitan region. Whilst it is conceivable that in the SEQ case, practice may be ahead of theory, there is now an imperative to develop this framework in a manner that it can be utilised as a regional policy framework and as an integrating instrument to address the values of regional landscapes including the range of existing and emerging rural values of the critical urban–rural interface.

This article analyzes interviews with natural resource managers in South East Queensland (SEQ), Australia. The objectives of the research are (i) to apply and test deductive/inductive text analysis methods for constructing a conceptual model of water quality decision-making in SEQ, (ii) to understand the role of information in the decision-making process, and (iii) to understand how to improve adaptive management in SEQ. Our methodology provided the means to quickly and objectively explore interview data and also reduce potential subjective bias normally associated with deductive text analysis methods. At a more practical level, our methodology indicates potential intervention points if one is to influence the decision-making process in the region. Results indicate that relevant information is often ignored in SEQ, with significant consequences for adaptive management. Contextual factors (political, social, and environmental) together with effective communication or lobbying strategies often prevent evidence-based decisions. We propose that in addition to generating information to support decisions, adaptive management also requires an appraisal of the true character of the decision-making process, which includes how stakeholders interact, what information is relevant and salient to management, and how the available information should be communicated to stakeholders and decision-making bodies.

This paper explores user/nonuser perceptions of bus transit attributes in Melbourne, Sydney, and South East Queensland (SEQ). It aims to understand the relative importance and performance of various bus transit attributes and how the assessment varies according to city, socioeconomic cohort, and user/nonuser groups. Primary data were collected via a screening survey, enabling a very large sample ( n = 13,537) and a smaller, more representative subset collating more detailed survey data ( n = 2,420). Personal safety stood out as a key bus transit attribute of importance in all cities. Specifically, safety when traveling on the bus during the daytime and at night, and safety getting to and from the bus stop were ranked as very important bus transit attributes. Some findings differed by region: service levels, punctuality, frequency, and timetable adherence (reliability) were rated relatively high in importance but low in performance in Sydney and Melbourne compared with SEQ. This suggests that Melbourne and Sydney might require service-level improvements more immediately than SEQ. Implications for policy for each Australian metropolitan region (Sydney, Melbourne, and SEQ) are later discussed.

Determining the value of multiple ecosystem services in terms of community wellbeing: Who should be the valuing agent?

This article describes the adaptive participatory approach that was adopted to develop an ecosystem services framework for planning and natural resource management in South East Queensland (SEQ) Australia. SEQ is one of the fastest growing regions in Australia, placing strong development pressures on ecosystems and the environment. The SEQ Ecosystem Services Project addresses the need to protect and enhance ecosystems in the region, contributing to the general well-being of the population. The key aim of the Project has been to develop an ecosystem services framework (the SEQ Ecosystem Services Framework or simply the Framework) and incorporate it in policy and planning relevant to the SEQ region. The Framework developed is now officially recognized by the Queensland and local governments in policy and planning documents and in State of the Region reporting. The Framework is based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA), with modifications that make it more suitable for application at the regional scale and for the particular conditions of SEQ. The Project has been coordinated by a non-government organization in collaboration with government, universities, other non-government organizations, business and industry. This article describes the important features of the approach, such as the direct participation of experts and/or stakeholders (more than 160 in all); the use of relatively simple systems models based on subjective expert judgements about causal connections among key variables; transparency of results; maps to support spatial planning; and the ability to revise the baseline information as the outcomes of management and planning decisions take place.

Energy Implications of Water Management in Cities