Abstract
DNA bio-computing is an emerging trend in modern science that is based on interactions among biomolecules. Special types of DNAs are aptamers that are capable of selectively forming complexes with target compounds. This review is devoted to a discussion of logic gates based on aptamers for the purposes of medicine and analytical chemistry. The review considers different approaches to the creation of logic gates and identifies the general algorithms of their creation, as well as describes the methods of obtaining an output signal which can be divided into optical and electrochemical. Aptameric logic gates based on DNA origami and DNA nanorobots are also shown. The information presented in this article can be useful when creating new logic gates using existing aptamers and aptamers that will be selected in the future.
Highlights
In the modern scientific world, a popular direction is the development of alternative approaches to computing, in particular, based on interactions among biomolecules—bio-computing
To narrow the scope of consideration, this review considers DNA aptamers
This section discusses test strips based on split aptamers, one of the split parts contained AuNP [54]; shown is the fabrication of logic gates based on AuNPs modified with two different single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the form of hairpins with biotin at the free end [68]; based on the previous scheme, eight combinations of various gates were created, where, in addition to targets, the aptamers themselves were used as inputs [69]
Summary
In the modern scientific world, a popular direction is the development of alternative approaches to computing, in particular, based on interactions among biomolecules—bio-computing. The operation time of the logic gates from the moment of entering the input data to the moment of receiving the output signal averaged 60–120 min (Supplementary Materials Table S1) It is worth noting the variety of approaches to the creation of logic gates based on aptamers. It is directly reflected in the organization of the experiment: the design of DNA constructs and the use of various signal transducers. At the moment, the main areas of application of logic gates based on aptamers are diagnostic and analytical tasks For diagnostic purposes, such gates can be used as a sensor platform for working with a complex environment: simultaneous determination of a set of targets (joint presence or absence, mutual exclusion, etc.). The overview contains pictures of some gates to have a better idea of how they work
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