Abstract
Sound sensing finds wide applications in various fields, such as underwater detection, structural health monitoring, and medical diagnosis, to name just a few. Based on our previously developed MEMS-on-fiber sensors, showing the advantages of low cost, small volume, and high performance, a three-dimensional ultrasonic localization system employing four such sensors was established in this work. A time difference of arrival (TDOA) algorithm was utilized to analyze the acquired data and then calculate the accurate position of the ultrasonic signal source. Plenty of practical measurements were performed, and the derived localization deviation in the region of 2 m × 2 m × 1 m was about 2–5 mm. Outside this region, the deviation tended to increase due to the directional sensitivity existing in these sensors. As a result, for a more accurate localization requirement, more sensing probes are needed in order to depict a completely suitable application situation for MEMS technology.
Highlights
Ears are vitally important sensing organs for sound localization for human beings and animals.According to the difference in frequency, amplitude, and arrival time between the two ears, the capability of sound sensing is very convenient in everyday life
Various technologies and equipment have been developed to assist in sensing sounds covering a much wider range, from infrasonic sound [1] to ultrasonic sound [2,3,4], finding broad applications in fields such as underwater sensing [1], medical diagnosis [2], structural health monitoring [3], and indoor positioning [4]
Fiber-based sensors show their superiority [3,8,9], which convert the sound signal into an optical signal and simultaneously transmit inside, providing the advantages of immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), and high sensitivity, compact size, and versatility
Summary
Ears are vitally important sensing organs for sound localization for human beings and animals. Among the most commonly used technologies, piezoelectric transducers are quite popular, which can directly convert a sound signal into an electrical signal [5,6,7]. They possess an excellent piezoelectric coefficient, piezoelectric thin films such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Sensors 2019, 19, 3696 electromagnetic fields, such as for monitoring the partial discharge in a power transformer In these cases, fiber-based sensors show their superiority [3,8,9], which convert the sound signal into an optical signal and simultaneously transmit inside, providing the advantages of immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), and high sensitivity, compact size, and versatility. The ultrasonic signals in three-dimensional space could be oriented
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