Locally grounded competency framework for records and archives management in Kenya

This scientific article explores the growing unemployment rate and its regulation through government's subsidies to businesses since it is one of the major economic issues countries currently face.The number of various State-run job creating programs is increasing in Lithuania as in many other countries.This is an important factor to all businesses, since labor costs often comprise a large part of company's expenses.The analysis of the labor costs generally are associated with two aspectstax burden related to wages is important not only to companies, which try to minimize their expenses, maximize profit and achieve operational effectiveness, but also to public sector, which tries to collect more tax revenues to national budget and different funds.Therefore, the authors of this article identify State-run job creating programs and perform their comparative analysis.The results of the performed analysis show, that plethora of job creating programs exist in Lithuania, the implementation and use conditions of which are provided by different public sector institutions.Therefore, with the help of comparative analysis results, authors present specific recommendations to private sector in respect to effectiveness and impact of public sector's support.

The research was designed to conduct a comparison between organizational commitment,and job burnoutamong faculty/teachers in privateinstitution and publicinstitution with a moderating effect of job satisfaction. A total of 107 responses were gathered through primary sources for the analysis of the study. Analysis was done using Multiple Regression. I. Introduction In todays world, organizations are eager to make the best use of productivity and efficiency by minimizing stress and exhaustion among their employees. Due to increased level of stress, burnout and exhaustion it is difficult for employees to maintain their high performance which eventually leads them towards condensed job satisfaction, and lesser organizational The situation is complex as it is more common that most of the times employees blame their organizations and jobs to be the reason behind their stress and burnout. Whereas, on the other hand, organizations blame employee to be responsible for their own stress and burnout. Most of the professions arewilling to work on and are more associated to burnout than others.Existing investigative studies commences their exams to identify burnout among teachers in public sector institutes and private sector institutes. These institutes believes it to be an essential part for the success of their educational system but due to dissatisfaction and burnout, the teachers of public and private sector institutes are not able to enhance their performance. It is globally believed and being practiced that organizational commitment is an essential factor for retention and attraction of well qualified employees, whereas only those employees who are satisfied from their job will be committed and will be willing to stay with their organization to make considerable struggle to achieve their objectives and goals. In the previous years, organizational commitment has been believed to be a subject that is studied comprehensively in expressions of its mechanisms, backgrounds, associates, and significances. From various sources, it has been concluded that organizational commitment is an emotional affection to an organization. The reason to measure organizational commitment is to identify what employees think and feel about their workplace and how the organization can make itself as a more comfortable place for work so employees would become more attracted towards the organization. There are many reason that leads an employee to be committed to the organization, such as liberation, protection, gratification and distribution of authority. Meyer and Allen (1997) identified that organizational commitment comprises of three modelsthat areaffective, continuance, and commitment. First model is affective commitment; thatshows the level to which an employee identifies with his/her organization. If an employee is affectively committed, he / she will intensely accept the goals and challenges of his/her organization and will be motivated to stay as a portion of that organization. Whereas, normative commitment states that an employee may believe that he/she should remain committed with his organization and is influenced by the norms of his/her society. In continuance commitment, it states that employee will continue his work for the organization due to his / her individuals need and he will work for any organization based on anapparent costs linked. All these models have their own suggestions about the question that why employee stay with their organization, and as a summary I has been concluded that the employee may stay due to any of one reason i.e. because they want to stay; because they are influenced by the norms of their society; and because they need to for a cost. According to Popoola (2006), personal factors (such as; age, marital status, gender, faith, professional experience, professional and academic education) has an effect on organizational commitment in Nigerian-state educational institutes. In a study, Opayemi (2004) and Angle and Perry (1981) have highlights in their studies about a momentous relation that exists between sex and organizational commitment of employees who work in public sector; which concluded that women are more dedicated than man towards their work. Previous empirical evidences have suggested that the levels of dedication may rise (Sturges et al., 2005) or fall (Bambacas and Bordia, 2009) with the startof an appropriate career management. Moreover, Mathieu and Zajac (1990) have suggested that differences in these models of commitment may arise from differences between employees i.e. organizational commitment only depends on employees and how they value

In this article, we present an analysis of young unemployed peoples’ perceptions and experiences with public and third sector support in Norway and the UK. Drawing on data generated through qualitative semi-structured interviews, the analysis shows that street level workers’ approaches towards clients are important in understanding (dis)engagement with various employment support systems. Taking a ‘street-level’ perspective as a lens for understanding young, unemployed peoples’ perceptions and experiences, we suggest that their voices as (potential) participants in employment services can contribute a further dimension to perspectives that are more usually focused on workers as performers of politics. The paper highlights the challenges of making employment services responsive to young peoples’ needs and expectations.

Kenyan public sector has been recording an increase in the misuse of public funds through fraud and corruption over the years. Public expenditure amounting to Kshs.66.7 billion incurred for the financial year 2013/14 was not fully accounted for and a further Kshs.24.5 billion unapproved excess expenditure. This represents 4.6% and 1.7% respectively of the actual net expenditure of that financial year. The unaccounted amount was due to expenditure in the government without adequate authentication. Part of the excess expenditure was also due unapproved utilization of public expenditure in various ministries. Misuse of public funds has been derailing government service delivery and economic development. If integrated financial management information system (IFMIS) was fully operational and its components interlinked, it would ensure transparency and accountability in all the public units, that is, procurement, budgeting and accounting. This would enhance expenditure management in public sector if the three systems are well coordinated. Automating and linking these processes would result to a sound public finance management since managers in each unit can communicate easily in case a fraud is detected in the system. The linking of the three modules would also improve on public expenditure management since each unit will stick and adhere to the itemized budget estimate without diversion of finances to other unplanned expenditure. This study sought to establish the effect of electronic procurement, electronic budgeting and automated cash management on public expenditure management in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive research design and the target population was 140 respondents drawn from five ministries in the National Government. Primary data collected using a structured questionnaire was coded and analyzed using multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis. The study found out that there is a significant positive relationship between electronic procurement, electronic budgeting, automated cash management and public expenditure management in Kenya. According to the study findings, Kenyan IFMIS modules are inadequately interlinked and this creates a loophole for fraud and misuse of public funds. This study recommends the linking of the electronic procurement, electronic budgeting and cash management modules so as improve on public expenditure management since each unit will stick and adhere to the itemized budget estimate without diversion of finances to other unplanned expenditures. Keywords : Electronic Procurement, Electronic Budgeting, Automated Cash Management, Public Expenditure Management in Kenya. DOI: 10.7176/IKM/12-1-01 Publication date: January 31 st 2022

The international aviation industry’s increased usage of technology has generated new cybersecurity concerns that cannot be ignored. The lack of a global cyber governance makes it difficult to enforce cybersecurity policies. An industry-wide, multistakeholder approach must be taken to develop international standards and best practices for assessing and managing cybersecurity risks. This paper will first address the impact cyber threats and attacks have had on the aviation industry. Next, it will explain how technologies like NextGen and aircraft wireless internet have made cybersecurity more vulnerable. Third, it will present the basic cybersecurity framework and analyze past attempts by international aviation organizations to execute cybersecurity risk management programs. Finally, it will offer better solutions to evaluate and handle cybersecurity risks in the international aviation industry and suggest that these solutions be combined. Both public sector and private sector support for international standards and best practices is required to significantly strengthen cybersecurity for the entire global aviation industry.

Introduction. Currently, integration processes in the European and world community are underway in Ukraine. In this regard, the alignment of national accounting and financial reporting methodology in the public sector to international standards is a prerequisite for the implementation of Euro-integration processes. It is promotes effective analytical activities, enhances transparency of budgetary use, targeted use of borrowed funds. The purpose of paper is a study of theoretical and practical provisions of the organization of accounting in the budgetary sector, implementation of its reform and reflection of modern problems of its improvement. Results. Budgetary institutions are one of the relevant links in the budgetary sector. Accounting and financial reporting in them is determined by the legislation on the budget, the budget system, the basis of budget policy; appropriate public sector accounting guidance; other normative documents of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine and the State Treasury Service of Ukraine. In the process of reform accounting in the budgetary sector, national public sector accounting standards have been developed that are consistent with international ones. A new, unified, public sector accounting plan has been built, and the level of transparency and openness of accounting has been improved. However, problems in the accounting and reporting system of public sector institutions remain. There is a need for final adaptation of the Ukrainian legislation on accounting and financial reporting to international requirements and compliance with changes in regulatory regulations; creation and implementation of an effective information and analytical accounting system and preparation of financial statements by public sector entities.. Conclusion. It is necessary to: improve the system of training and retraining of personnel of accounting and financial profile in the public sector, informational and educational support on measures of reforming the accounting of the budgetary sector, as well as introduction of an effective information system of accounting. Further adaptation of accounting in the budgetary sector to international standards promotes transparency in the management of public finances and allows to create a unified organizational and information support of accounting in the budgetary sector.

We derive a diffusive stochastic differential equation that describes the dynamics of the venture capital (VC) industry and use it to study two related issues that are concerned with the evolution of the venture capital and the high technology sectors over time. First, the short-term cyclical behavior of the venture capital industry is discussed. Then, we deal with the optimal funding of the public sector for supporting the high technology sector. We address the first issue via a differential equation. For the latter issue, we construct a decision-making model that yields the optimal funding of the public sector for the high technology sector. Our findings indicate that the VC industry is highly correlated with the US capital markets. Hence, the NASDAQ composite stock index can be used for the estimation of the evolution of the venture capital industry with respect to the relevant industry-related variables such as fundraising, the average deal size, the total number of investments and the like. In general, the optimal funding policy of the public sector is shown to be anti-cyclical with the VC funding. Namely, it should be a dynamic funding policy that is conditioned on VC investments and on the specific industrial sector that is supported. For example, the public sector's support for fast maturing sectors like software and information technology should be different than that of slow maturing sectors like pharmaceuticals and biotechnology.

Health-care and public sector institutions are high-risk settings for workplace bullying. Despite growing acknowledgement of the scale and consequence of this pervasive problem, there has been little critical examination of the institutional power dynamics that enable bullying. In the aftermath of large-scale failures in care standards in public sector healthcare institutions, which were characterised by managerial bullying, attention to the nexus between bullying, power and institutional failures is warranted. In this study, employing Foucault's framework of power, we illuminate bullying as a feature of structures of power and knowledge in public sector institutions. Our analysis draws upon the experiences of a large sample (n=3345) of workers in Australian public sector agencies - the type with which most nurses in the public setting will be familiar. In foregrounding these power dynamics, we provide further insight into how cultures that are antithetical to institutional missions can arise and seek to broaden the debate on the dynamics of care failures within public sector institutions. Understanding the practices of power in public sector institutions, particularly in the context of ongoing reform, has important implications for nursing.

The Future of Public Service: A Search for a New Balance

This study examines the direct role played by governments of the SSA low-income countries to attract potential FDI inflows in their accountabilities as advocates of public sector management and institutions for poverty reduction. The study employs panel data for 24 SSA low-income economies over the period 2005-2015. Panel unit root tests by IPS and Fisher-ADF are applied to test for data stationarity thus furthering the conduct of panel cointegration analysis using Pedroni tests. Both tests confirm for data stationarity and long-run relationships. The major finding using GMM estimator reveals that public sector in SSA low-income economies negatively influence FDI inflows. This implies that public sector is plagued with lack of transparency, accountability and corruption in delivering public services. Thus, the authorities and policy makers in SSA lowincome economies need to undertake meticulous measures by strengthening public institutions that adhere to the rule of law, accountability for achieving human development, safety and fairness to general public. The failure of public sector instigates catastrophe for the survival of private sector and market mechanisms. Moreover, amiable regulations, rule of law and control of corruption are vital for public and private sectors to work together towards poverty alleviation. Keywords: FDI inflows, poverty reduction, public sector management and institutions, SSA low-income economies

The role of the public sector in achieving the energy efficiency goals of companies has proven to be a key link that can have a significant impact on the speed and efficiency of the energy transition in companies. Given the different mechanisms at its disposal, the public sector should encourage, support and implement measures and activities that lead to a sustainable and more energy-efficient economy. Through subsidies and tax incentives, research and development funding, educational campaigns and infrastructure development in the field of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources, the public sector can motivate businesses to invest in sustainable technologies and practices. However, sustainable operations cannot be viewed separately from the company's main goal, i.e. achieving positive financial results. Increasing energy efficiency can significantly reduce company costs because energy efficiency is seen as a resource in modern times. The research was conducted on a sample of companies from the energy sector of the Republic of Srpska, analysing the impact of energy efficiency goals on financial results, the level of achieved energy efficiency goals, satisfaction with the level of public sector support, preferred public sector measures, and examining the connection between public sector support and the achievement of these goals. The results of the research suggest that public sector measures to encourage sustainable business are of key importance for achieving the energy efficiency goals of companies in the energy sector, which confirms our research hypothesis.

Public procurement is a relatively new practice of the institutions in public sector associated with the new ideas in public management: to take over the business management principles and adapt them to the public institutions, to save the state money, to efficiently distribute and promote public and private sectors. Institutionalism is described of the 19th-20th centuries, especially when the focus is on the social and economic development of the country, economic problems, appropriate solutions for the public and the private sectors in the search, without distinction between primary and secondary institutions, and analyzing them as a whole in the public procurement process. According to an independent economic institutionalism theory direction, the public procurement process can be understood as a set of institutions with an exceptional inter-relationship between purchasers and suppliers, as well as affecting the economic development of the country. The institute in the procurement process consists of: 1) the formal rules governing public procurement procedures, and informal relations between contracting authorities and suppliers, affecting both their mutual relations and their common agreements and economic development activities, 2) the coercive measures imposed to ensure public procurement procedure norms, sanctions and violence in defiance of state of the Republic of Lithuania procurement legislation. In the public sector, public procurement plays a dominant role in procurement services, law enforcement processes, health, social services, education, defense, transport and the environmental issues sectors, and therefore, to achieve public policy objectives and meet civil society needs in the public sector organizations in the procurement volume is much larger than in the private sector. Institutionalism allows the identification of self-formed purchasers and suppliers to separate the network of economic actors’ public and private sectors, groups and organizations. In the relationship between individual behavior and analyses of these theories, new institutional economic theory is born. New institutionalism encourages looking at the practical and effective institutions in the procurement process, analyzing not under the ideal conditions of a theoretical model, and according to the public procurement law with the alternative, which allows to extend the micro-economic analysis. In addition to physical and technical limitations inherent in classical institutionalism theory, new institutionalism identified and further analyzed the institutional structure of the society. The institutional structure formed in economic circumstances reflects the situation in the procurement process, the state authorities of the contracting authority must be interested in a cost-effective and/or efficient purchasing, while suppliers (business organizations) – the maximum profit possible after the procurement.

The purpose of this study is to examine the most important institutional factors that support the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities within the sports tourism industry.The present study is a qualitative research based on data gathered from available documentary studies and semi-structured interviews conducted with 35experts in the field of sports tourism and sports entrepreneurship in Iran. The interpretive structural model (ISM) was used to analyze the data.According to the results of the research, 74 indicators were identified and classified under 11 institutional factors, including rule of law, government policies, social norms, social values, social beliefs, expert knowledge promotion, social knowledge promotion, public sector support, private sector support, complementary attraction,and information technology, at five hierarchical levels. Government policies and public sector support were identified as fifth-level factors that act as the model’s cornerstone. Finally, the research results suggest that for the growth of the sports tourism industry in developing countries such as Iran, other identified factors must also be involved in the growth of this industry.In this regard, the existence of an appropriate legal,normative, supportive, and educational environment will affect the ability and willingness of market participants to identify and take advantage of entrepreneurial opportunities in the emerging sports tourism industry.

A public sector accountant occupies a conspicuous position in the management system of public sector institutions. If there is anything that makes the position of an accountant felt in any public sector setting, it is the budget. The view of human nature held by a public sector accountant and his preferred style of leadership (authoritarian or humanistic) will determine to a great extent the nature of a budget. Employees in public sector institutions will react negatively to the authoritarian accountant budget but in an organization where the budget maker (accountant) is humanistic, organizational effectiveness is achieved. While conceding the fact that certain public sector settings may require a certain element of authoritarian budgetary system, the writer of this paper submits that the commitment of all levels of the organization in setting their budget goals produces better results as far as the effectiveness and efficiency of budgetary system are concerned. The unconcerned attitude of public sector accountants towards current researches in budgetary theory and practice, the falling standard of work morale and motivation, the declining trend of performance standards in public sector institutions, the magnitude of corruption and consequential economic depression in many developing economies have raised serious concern. The writer of this paper asserts: In the public sector of a developing economy (such as Nigeria), budgeting by commitment is admittedly a cure. Committing the employees in the budgeting process will make the budget real. It will harness the budgetary system, trigger budget acceptance, boost work morale and motivation, secure the goals-loop, strengthen interpersonal trust and shared feeling of confidence among organizational participants and ultimately steer the efforts of all organizational members towards improved performance. But these benefits do not automatically arise from the budgeting process. They must be worked for.

This is a first attempt to compare innovation in public institutions with innovation in private firms in Denmark. Public institutions are often believed to be less innovative than private firms. However, innovations may, in fact, have always existed within the public sector – in forms similar to those found in the private sector. Innovations performed by employees in their daily work may even be critical to the reliability and overall stability of these institutions. This chapter argues that it is important to examine how innovation takes place in public sector institutions. While most of the discussions around New Public Management (NPM) and other government reforms have centred on their economic effects, much more attention could be devoted to innovation as a critical aspect of public sector change. Based on a comparison of two surveys to Danish public institutions and private firms, this chapter examines how frequently innovation does occur in public institutions, and compares similarities and differences between public and private sector innovation.KeywordsPublic SectorHigh Education InstitutionOpen InnovationPublic InstitutionWelfare ServiceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.