Abstract
<h3>Background</h3> Myositis ossificans traumatica (MOT) is defined as deposition of bone or ossification in muscles and/or soft tissues with a history of trauma or hematoma. It is uncommon to see MOT in the head and neck region, including the masticatory muscles. We report a series of 3 cases with calcifications in the temporalis muscles, as seen on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. <h3>Clinical and Radiographic Findings</h3> Case 1: A 97-year-old male patient with osteonecrosis of the mandible. CBCT revealed several incidental linear radiopaque masses in the 2 temporal fossae, representing calcifications in the temporalis muscles. The appearance was consistent with localized MOT. Case 2: A 52-year-old female patient with a swelling of the anterior maxilla and history of Le Fort I osteotomy. CBCT showed several incidental linear radiopaque masses in the region of the temporalis muscles bilaterally. These calcifications were not seen in the CBCT image made 6 years previously. The appearance was consistent with localized MOT. Case 3: An 80-year-old male with right maxillary alveolar ridge squamous cell carcinoma who underwent right maxillectomy and neck dissection. His CBCT image displayed several incidental linear radiopaque masses in the right temporal area. These calcifications appeared to be related to the surgical procedure performed near this area. The appearance was consistent with localized MOT. <h3>Discussion/ Conclusions</h3> MOT involving muscles of mastication mostly affects the masseter muscle, whereas the temporalis muscle is the least affected. Removal of the calcification is indicated only if it occurs near a joint in the origin or the insertion of a muscle. The maxillofacial radiologist should carefully investigate the areas near the surgical procedure because it might cause contusion/trauma to nearby structures, which can lead to calcification of the muscles.
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