Abstract
Within the scope of this work, a new surface engineering technology named laser implantation has been investigated, in order to improve the tribological performance of hot stamping tools. This technique is based on manufacturing highly wear-resistant, separated, and elevated microfeatures by embedding hard ceramic particles into the tool surface via pulsed laser radiation. Hence, the topography and material properties of the tool are modified, which influences the thermal and tribological interactions at the blank-die interface. To verify these assumptions and to clarify the cause–effect relations, different titanium-based particles (TiB2, TiC, TiN) were laser-implanted and subsequently analyzed regarding to their geometrical shape and mechanical properties. Afterwards, quenching tests as well as tribological experiments were carried out by using titanium-diboride as the most promising implantation material for reducing the tribological load due to high hardness value of the generated implants. Compared to conventional tooling systems, the modified tool surfaces revealed a significantly higher wear resistance as well as reduced friction forces while offering the possibility to adjust the thermal interactions at the blank-die interface. Based on these results, a tailored tool surface modification can be pursued in future research work, in order to enhance the effectiveness of the hot stamping technology.
Highlights
The results revealed that the adjustment of the laser pulse power Pp und pulse duration tp had a significantly influence on the implantation behavior of all titanium-based hard ceramic particles
Due to the heat of the laser beam, a sintering process was initiated between the titanium-based particles
With further increase of the laser energy, less agglomerations were observed within the laser implanted zone since the hard ceramic particles have been partially dissolved
Summary
Lightweight design has become a major forward looking topic in the automotive industry, to meet the governmental CO2 emissions regulations as well as to fulfill the growing customers’ demands for fuel efficient vehicles with high safety standards. Coating systems have limited usage for industrial applications due to their brittleness at high and frequent thermal cycling, which could lead to stress-induced cracks of the protection layer [13] Surface texturing is another well-known approach in sheet metal forming to enhance the tribological behavior between tool and blank. Mousavi et al [15] investigated the effect of protruded surfaces features, in order to reduce the tribological load within lubricant free cold forming operations Their results reveal that macro- and microtextured dies are leading to a significant improvement of the tribological performance, since the contact area and the material flow between tool and workpiece were locally adjusted. Howoervdeerr, taosoubittaaibnlteasileolreecdti,odnefoecftt-hfreeeimanpdlahnigtahtliyown emarartesrisatlainstasnurefasscenfetaiatul rperse.rIenqtuhisirteeg,ainrdo, rddifefrerteonot btain tailorteitdan, iduemfe-cbta-sferedehaanrddcheirgahmliyc wpaeratirclreess(iTstiaBn2,tTsiuCr,faancde TfeiNat)uwreesr.eIenmtbheidsdredgaorndh, odtiffweorreknint gtitaonoliustmee-lbased hardspceercaimmeincs,pianrtoicrldeesr (TtoiBg2a,inTiCin,-daenpdthTikNno)wwleedregeemabboeudt dtheed goenomhoettriwcaol rskhianpgetoanodl smteeeclhsapneiccailmens, in orpdreorpteortgieasinofin-thdeepltahsekr-ngoewnelreadtegde aspbootus.t tAhfetegrweoamrdest,riqcuaelnschhainpge atnesdtsmaeschwaenlilcaals ptrroibpoelortgiiecsalof the lasere-gxpeenreimraetnetds swpeortesc. aArrfiteedrwouatrdbys,uqsuinegnclahsienr-gimtepsltasnatesdwaenldl ausnmtriobdoiflioegdictoaol leinxgpesyrismtemenst,stowcelraerifcyarried out btuyhneudcseairnuhsgoet-laesfstfaeemrc-tipmrienlpgaltacioonnntseddaitniaodnntdso. uqnuamliofydtihfieedthteormolainl gansdystrtiebmolso,gtiocacllbaerihfayvtihoreocfatuhsees-ueffrfeaccte rfeelaatutiroenss and to qualify the thermal and tribological behavior of the surface features under hot stamping conditions
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